tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18554228852871759402024-02-07T16:50:00.200-08:00MASYARAKAT MALAYSIANaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-40335275040932340142010-08-23T18:34:00.001-07:002010-08-23T18:58:42.602-07:00Senarai Nama Menteri Malaysia<span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(111, 111, 111); -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family:Verdana, Arial;font-size:13px;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: center; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">SENARAI NAMA MENTERI 2010</span></p><table align="center" border="2" style="border-top-width: 7px; border-right-width: 7px; border-bottom-width: 7px; border-left-width: 7px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(178, 218, 249); width: 529px; height: 1440px; "><tbody style="text-align: left; "><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/najib.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " />Y.A.B. DATO' SRI HJ. MOHD. NAJIB BIN TUN HAJI ABDUL RAZAK</strong><br />Perdana Menteri merangkap Menteri Kewangan,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(238, 246, 99); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/muhyiddin.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.A.B. TAN SRI DATO' HAJI MUHYIDDIN BIN MOHD. YASSIN</strong><br />Timbalan Perdana Menteri merangkap Menteri Pelajaran,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(231, 117, 249); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/ongteekeat.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SRI ONG TEE KEAT</strong><br />Menteri Pengangkutan,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(147, 251, 3); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/bernard.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. TAN SRI BERNARD GILUK DOMPOK</strong><br />Menteri Perusahaan Perladangan dan Komoditi,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 188, 0); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/hishamudin.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SERI HISHAMMUDDIN BIN TUN HUSSEIN</strong><br />Menteri Dalam Negeri,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(250, 48, 4); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/raisyatim.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATUK SERI UTAMA DR. RAIS BIN YATIM</strong><br />Menteri Penerangan, Komunikasi dan Kebudayaan,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(63, 202, 130); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/peter.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SRI PETER CHIN FAH KUI</strong><br />Menteri Tenaga, Teknologi Hijau dan Air,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(196, 250, 4); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/shafieapdal.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SERI HJ. MOHD SHAFIE BIN HAJI APDAL</strong><br />Menteri Kemajuan Luar Bandar dan Wilayah,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(247, 7, 228); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/khalednordin.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SERI MOHAMED KHALED BIN NORDIN</strong><br />Menteri Pengajian Tinggi,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(131, 84, 252); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/maximus.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATUK SERI DR. MAXIMUS JOHNITY ONGKILI</strong><br />Menteri Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(221, 34, 86); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/mustapa.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SRI MUSTAPA BIN MOHAMED</strong><br />Menteri Perdagangan Antarabangsa dan Industri,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(244, 240, 10); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/douglas.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO SRI DOUGLAS UGGAH EMBAS</strong><br />Menteri Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(3, 251, 43); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/noh.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATUK SERI HAJI NOH BIN OMAR</strong><br />Menteri Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(248, 69, 6); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/zahidhamidi.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SERI DR. AHMAD ZAHID BIN HAMIDI</strong><br />Menteri Pertahanan,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(92, 40, 224); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/shaziman.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SHAZIMAN BIN ABU MANSOR</strong><br />Menteri Kerja Raya,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/liow.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SRI LIOW TIONG LAI</strong><br />Menteri Kesihatan,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(183, 255, 0); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/shabery.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' AHMAD SHABERY CHEEK</strong><br />Menteri Belia dan Sukan,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(157, 86, 239); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/subramaniam.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATUK DR. S. SUBRAMANIAM</strong><br />Menteri Sumber Manusia,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(1, 253, 253); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/ismailsabri.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SRI ISMAIL SABRI BIN YAAKOB</strong><br />Menteri Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Koperasi dan Kepenggunaan,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(243, 109, 11); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/husni.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SERI HAJI AHMAD HUSNI BIN MOHAMAD HANADZLAH</strong><br />Menteri Kewangan (II),</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(230, 239, 15); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/kongchoo.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SERI KONG CHO HA</strong><br />Menteri Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(234, 11, 243); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/sharizat.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. SENATOR DATO' SERI SHAHRIZAT ABDUL JALIL</strong><br />Menteri Pembangunan Wanita, Keluarga dan Masyarakat,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(19, 88, 235); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/anifah.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SRI ANIFAH BIN HJ. AMAN</strong><br />Menteri Luar Negeri,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(75, 227, 28); "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/rajanong.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B SENATOR DATO' RAJA NONG CHIK BIN DATO' RAJA ZAINAL ABIDIN</strong><br />Menteri Wilayah Persekutuan Dan Kesejahteraan Bandar,</td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "><td style="text-align: left; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/kohtsukoon.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. SENATOR TAN SRI DR. KOH TSU KOON</strong><br />Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri,<br /><br /><strong></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/nazri.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. DATO' SERI MOHAMED NAZRI BIN ABDUL AZIZ</strong><br />Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri,</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/normohmed.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. TAN SRI NOR MOHAMED BIN YAKCOP</strong><br />Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri,<br /><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/jamilkhir.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. SENATOR MEJAR JENERAL DATO' SERI JAMIL KHIR BIN BAHAROM (B)</strong><br />Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri,<br /><br /><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong><img src="http://smkteloikanan.com/images/smktk/artikel/kabinet/idrisjala.gif" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: left; " /></strong><strong>Y.B. SENATOR DATO' SRI IDRIS JALA</strong><br />Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri,</p></td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; "></tr></tbody></table><a name='more'></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(111, 111, 111); -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family:Verdana, Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>Senarai Penuh :</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(111, 111, 111); -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family:Verdana, Arial;font-size:13px;"><p><strong><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">PERDANA MENTERI:</span></span></strong><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak</span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">TIMBALAN PERDANA MENTERI:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin</span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI DI JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI</span></span></strong><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">1. Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon (Hal Ehwal Perpaduan & Pengurusan Prestasi)<br />2. Datuk Seri Mohamed Nazri Abdul Aziz (Hal Ehwal Perundangan dan Parlimen)<br />3. Tan Sri Nor Mohamed Yakcop (Unit Perancang Ekonomi)<br />4. Mej Jen (B) Datuk Jamil Khir Baharom (Hal Ehwal Agama Islam)</span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Timbalan-timbalan Menteri:</span></span></strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />1. Datuk Liew Vui Keong<br />2. Datuk Dr Mashitah Ibrahim<br />3. Datuk S.K. Devamany<br />4. Ahmad Maslan<br />5. T.Murugiah</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI KEWANGAN:</span></span></strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI KEWANGAN II:</span></span></strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">DATUK AHMAD HUSNI MOHAMAD HANADZLAH</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="NL" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Timbalan:</span></span></strong><span lang="NL" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />1. Datuk Chor Chee Heung<br />2.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Dr Awang Adek Hussin</span></span><span lang="NL" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PELAJARAN:</span></span></strong><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin<br />Timbalan:<br />1.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="NL" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Dr Wee Ka Siong<br />2. Dr Mohd Puad Zarkashi</span></span><span lang="NL" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="NL" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PENGANGKUTAN:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="NL" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="NL" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Ong Tee Keat<br />Timbalan:<br />1. Datuk Abdul Rahim Bakri<br />2. Datuk Robert Lau Hoi Chew</span></span><span lang="NL" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PERUSAHAAN, PERLADANGAN DAN KOMODITI:</span></span></strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />Tan Sri Bernard Dompok<br />Timbalan:<br />1. Datuk Hamzah Zainudin</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI DALAM NEGERI:</span></span></strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />Datuk Seri Hishammuddin Tun Hussein<br />Timbalan:<br />1. Datuk Wira Abu Seman Yusop<br />2. Jelaing anak Mersat</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PENERANGAN, KOMUNIKASI, KESENIAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN:</span></span></strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />Datuk Seri Utama Dr Rais Yatim<br />Timbalan:<br />1. Datuk Joseph Salang Gandum<br />2. Senator Heng Seai Kie</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI TENAGA, TEKNOLOGI HIJAU DAN AIR:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Peter Chin Fah Kui<br />Timbalan:Noriah Kasnon</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI KEMAJUAN LUAR BANDAR DAN WILAYAH:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Seri Shafie Apdal<br />Timbalan:<br />1. Datuk Hassan Malek<br />2. Datuk Joseph Entulu anak Belaun</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PENGAJIAN TINGGI:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Seri Mohd Khaled Nordin<br />Timbalan:<br />1. Datuk Dr Hou Kok Chung<br />2. Datuk Saifuddin Abdullah</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA DAN INDUSTRI:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Mustapa Mohamed<br />Timbalan:<br />1. Datuk Mukhriz Mahathir<br />2. Datuk Jacob Dungau Sagan</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI SAINS, TEKNOLOGI DAN INNOVASI:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Dr Maximus Ongkili<br />Timbalan:Fadillah Yusof</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI SUMBER ASLI DAN ALAM SEKITAR:</span></span></strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Douglas Uggah Embas<br />Timbalan:Tan Sri Joseph Kurup</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PELANCONGAN:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Ng Yen Yen<br />Timbalan:Datuk Seri Sulaiman Abdul Rahman Abdul Taib</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PERTANIAN DAN INDUSTRI ASAS TANI:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Noh Omar<br />Timbalan:<br />1. Datuk Johari Baharum<br />2. Datuk Rohani Abdul Karim</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PERTAHANAN:</span></span></strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Seri Dr Ahmad Zahid Hamidi<br />Timbalan:Datuk Dr Abdul Latiff Ahmad</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI KERJA RAYA:</span></span></strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Shaziman Abu Mansor<br />Timbalan:Datuk Yong Khoon Seng</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI KESIHATAN:</span></span></strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Liow Tiong Lai<br />Timbalan:Datuk Rosnah Rashid Shirlin</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI BELIA DAN SUKAN:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Ahmad Shabery Cheek<br />Timbalan:<br />1. Datuk Razali Ibrahim<br />2. Wee Jeck Seng</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI SUMBER MANUSIA:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Dr S.Subramaniam<br />Timbalan:Datuk Maznah Mazlan</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN HAL EHWAL PENGGUNA:</span></span></strong><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Ismail Sabri Yaakob<br />Timbalan:Datuk Tan Lian Hoe</span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PERUMAHAN DAN KERAJAAN TEMPATAN:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Kong Cho Ha<br />Timbalan:Datuk Lajim Ukin</span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI PEMBANGUNAN WANITA, KELUARGA DAN MASYARAKAT:</span></span></strong><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />Datuk Seri Sharizat Jalil<br />Timbalan:Datin Paduka Chew Mei Fun</span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI LUAR:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Anifah Aman<br />Timbalan:<br />1. </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">A.Kohilan Pillay<br />2. Datuk Lee Chee Leong</span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><u1:p></u1:p> </span><p><strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENTERI WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN:</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Datuk Raja Nong Chik Raja Zainal Abidin<br />Timbalan:Datuk M.Saravanan</span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;font-family:Verdana;color:#3D3D3D;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">BIODATA PENUH PERDANA MENTERI MALAYSIA.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;font-family:Verdana;color:#3D3D3D;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-family: Verdana, Arial; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; line-height: 16px; ">YAB Dato' Sri Haji Mohd Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak[1] (lahir 23 Julai 1953) adalah Perdana Menteri Malaysia terkini sejak 3 April 2009, selain sebagai Menteri Kewangan dan ahli parlimen Pekan, Pahang. Beliau adalah anak lelaki sulung kepada bekas perdana menteri Malaysia yang kedua, Tun Abdul Razak Dato' Hussein. Di peringkat akar umbi politik, beliau merupakan Presiden UMNO yang ke-7.<br /><br /><table class="infobox vcard" style="font-size: 12px; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: left; width: 23em; "><tbody><tr><td class="fn" colspan="2" style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "><span class="honorific-prefix"><small>Yang Amat Berhormat Dato' Sri</small></span> <span class="fn">Mohd Najib bin Tun Abdul Razak</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; "><img alt="Mohd Najib bin Abdul Razak" height="250" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak.JPG/207px-Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak.JPG" width="207" style="padding-top: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; " /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center; "><hr /><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 250); background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; ">Perdana Menteri Malaysia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 250); text-align: center; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; "><b>Masih berkhidmat</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; "><b>Memasuki pejabat </b><br />3 April 2009</td></tr><tr><th>Raja</th><td>Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin</td></tr><tr><th>Timbalan</th><td>Muhyiddin Yassin</td></tr><tr><th>Didahului oleh</th><td>Abdullah bin Ahmad Badawi</td></tr><tr><th>Kawasan</th><td>Pekan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th>Lahir</th><td>23 Julai 1953 (umur <small>56</small>)<br />Kuala Lipis, Pahang</td></tr><tr><th>Parti politik</th><td>UMNO</td></tr><tr><th>Pasangan</th><td>Tengku Puteri Zainah Tengku Eskandar (cerai)<br />Rosmah binti Mansor</td></tr><tr><th>Anak</th><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Agama</th><td>Islam</td><td><br /></td><td><br /></td><td><br /></td><td><br /></td><td><br /></td><td><br /></td><td><br /></td><td><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span></span></span></p><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;font-family:Verdana;color:#3D3D3D;"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; text-align: left; "><br /></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; text-align: left; "><br /></div>Dato' Seri Najib lahirkan di Kuala Lipis, Pahang. Beliau merupakan anak sulung kepada Tun Abdul Razak Hussein dan Toh Puan Rahah Mohammad Noah.<br />Pada tahun 1976, Najib berkahwin dengan Tengku Puteri Zainah Tengku Eskandar dan mendapat tiga anak: Mohd Nizar Najib (lahir 1978), Mohd Nazifuddin Najib dan Puteri Norlisa Najib. Pada tahun 1987 beliau bercerai dengan Ku Yie dan berkahwin dengan Datin Seri Rosmah Mansor dan mendapat dua anak lagi: Mohd Norashman Najib dan Nooryana Najwa Najib. Beliau juga sepupu kepada Datuk Hishamuddin Tun Hussein.<br />Najib mendapat pendidikan rendah dan menengah di Institusi St. John, Kuala Lumpur, dan kemudian belajar di Kolej Lelaki Malvern di Worchestershire, England. Beliau mendapat Ijazah Sarjana Muda dengan Kepujian dalam bidang Ekonomi Industri daripada Universiti Nottingham, England pada tahun 1974<br />Najib mula menceburkan diri dalam arena politik setelah kematian mengejut bapanya, Tun Abdul Razak Hussein di London pada 14 Januari 1976. Beliau menang tanpa bertanding merebut kerusi Parlimen Pekan yang kosong, akibat kematian bapanya, ketika berumur 23 tahun, dan merupakan ahli parlimen termuda yang pernah dipilih ketika itu.<br /><br />Najib menjadi timbalan menteri paling muda apabila dilantik sebagai Timbalan Menteri Tenaga, Telekom dan Pos pada tahun 1978 ketika usia 25 tahun. Kemudian, pada tahun 1982 hingga 1986, beliau menjadi Menteri Besar paling muda dalam sejarah negara apabila dilantik sebagai Menteri Besar Pahang ketika berumur 29 tahun.<br /><br />Antara jawatan yang pernah disandang dalam kabinet ialah:<br /><br /> * 1978-1980 - Timbalan Menteri Tenaga, Telekom dan Pos<br /> * 1980-1981 - Timbalan Menteri Pendidikan<br /> * 1981-1982 - Timbalan Menteri Kewangan<br /> * 1982-1986 - Menteri Besar Pahang<br /> * 1986-1987 - Kementerian Belia dan Sukan|Menteri Kebudayaan, Belia & Sukan<br /> * 1990-1995, 1999-2008 - Menteri Pertahanan<br /> * 1995-1999 - Menteri Pendidikan<br /><br />Najib juga pernah dilantik sebagai Pengerusi Lembaga Kemajuan Penternakan (Majuternak) pada tahun 1977-1979. Kepimpinan beliau teruji dan terus diberi tanggungjawab oleh pucuk pimpinan negara. Dalam UMNO, beliau dipilih sebagai Ketua Pemuda UMNO Bahagian Pekan dan ahli EXCO Pemuda UMNO pada 1976. Kemudian beliau dipilih sebagai ahli Majlis Tertinggi UMNO mulai tahun 1981.<br /><br />Pada tahun 1982, Najib memenangi kerusi Naib Ketua Pemuda UMNO tanpa bertanding setelah Datuk Mokhtar Hashim mengosongkan jawatan itu.<br /><br />Pada 1987, beliau diumumkan sebagai Pemangku Ketua Pergerakan Pemuda UMNO oleh Anwar Ibrahim setelah Anwar didesak bertanding Naib Presiden UMNO. Beliau menjadi ketua pada 25 Mei 1988 setelah UMNO ditubuhkan semula. Pada tahun 1993 pula, beliau bertanding jawatan Naib Presiden UMNO, ekoran langkah Anwar untuk bertanding jawatan Timbalan Presiden UMNO. Beliau terus mempertahankan jawatan Naib Presiden dalam pemilihan parti pada tahun 1993, 1996 dan 2000.<br /><br />Pada 7 Januari 2004, Najib dilantik sebagai Timbalan Perdana Menteri Malaysia.<br /><br />Dalam Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia 2008, Datuk Seri Najib bertanding menggunakan tiket Barisan Nasional . Beliau telah bertanding di kawasan parlimen Pekan , negeri Pahang. Datuk Seri Najib telah menang dengan mendapat undi sebanyak 36262. Calon lawan ialah Khairul Anuar Bin Ahmad Zainudin dari PKR mendapat 9,798 undi -kalah .<br /><br />Najib telah menjadi sasaran pihak pembangkang tanpa asas dan bukti. Kencaman-kecaman yang dilemparkan gagal memberi apa-apa bukti yang sah, tetapi lebih bergantung kepada tuduhan dan kenyataan bersumpah. Dalam beberapa kes, kenyataan bersumpah tersebut kemudiannya dibatalkan. Terdapat juga dimana kenyataan bersumpah dialakukan atas nama orang lain. Kecaman terhadap Najib semakin rancak ketika ura-ura menyatakan bahawa Tun Abdullah bakal meletak jawatan sebagai Perdana Menteri. Pihak pembangkang terutamanya tidak mahu Najib naik semakin Presiden UMNO dan Perdana Menteri kerana khuatir sokongan pada UMNO dan BN akan pulih semula.<br />Selepas menjawat jawatan perdana menteri Malaysia ke-6 pada 3 April 2009, beliau telah melancarkan kempen Satu Malaysia, sebuah gagasan yang menepati definisi setiap rakyat Malaysia tanpa membezakan warna kulit, keturunan, agama dan latar belakang.Beliau memperkenalkan beberapa langkah drastik tetapi populis iaitu dengan menghapuskan dasar (PPSMI) sebagai langkah mendengar keluhan rakyat apabila dasar yang diamalkan sejak 2003 itu mendapat reaksi negatif daripada banyak pihak, dan Biasiswa Nasional di dalam memenuhi keperluan tajaan pendidikan untuk pelajar cemerlang daripada semua kaum.</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;font-family:Verdana;color:#3D3D3D;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-family: Verdana, Arial; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; line-height: 16px; ">Sumber : </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(61, 61, 61); font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; "><a href="http://menteriku.blogspot.com/2010/04/dato-sri-haji-mohd-najib.html">http://menteriku.blogspot.com/2010/04/dato-sri-haji-mohd-najib.html</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;font-family:Verdana;color:#3D3D3D;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><br /></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"></span><o:p></o:p></p></span></div>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-68421956802288000432010-08-21T12:01:00.000-07:002010-08-23T19:20:38.303-07:00Industri Pelancongan<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsMGPLGV12wf7YCm38tNLF4-QQk_-SBcX-Zzas6fzrwFRJWPh-ldRqOBtxc8-nFVS6IPPaivrXB8vLtU1qfDdUhXqaQzJ9Hj_1-RdA39N0bkXF5AjiJh7g5FLs1bcpt2Z3Gxepbz17Klm2/s1600/images+(57).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 259px; height: 194px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsMGPLGV12wf7YCm38tNLF4-QQk_-SBcX-Zzas6fzrwFRJWPh-ldRqOBtxc8-nFVS6IPPaivrXB8vLtU1qfDdUhXqaQzJ9Hj_1-RdA39N0bkXF5AjiJh7g5FLs1bcpt2Z3Gxepbz17Klm2/s400/images+(57).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507940634074813474" /></a><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV">Tempat-tempat Menarik di Malaysia</span></b></p> <ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Malaysia amat kaya dengan warisan budaya di bandar dan luar bandar. Di samping itu, Malaysia juga mempunyai pantai-pantai yang terbaik, hutan hujan tropika yang tertua di dunia, sistem gua yang sangat menarik dan juga bangunan berkembar tertinggi di dunia.</span><o:p></o:p></li> </ul> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: SVfont-family:Symbol;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Terdapat pelbagai jenis penginapan disediakan daripada hotel kelas ekonomi hinggalah hotel-hotel bertaraf 5 bintang, pangsapuri mewah, chalet dan rumah tumpangan di persekitaran pantai. Para pelancong pasti akan mendapat tempat penginapan yang sesuai dengan minat dan keperluan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: SVfont-family:Symbol;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Pengalaman menlancong ke Malaysia akan pastinya meninggalkan kenangan istimewa dengan kepelbagaian juadah makanan yang berasal daripada pelbagai rumpun etnik di Malaysia dan kepelbagaian kaum yang tinggal di sini. <a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height:150%"><strong><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"></span>Pelancongan</strong><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .5in;word-wrap: break-word"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language:SVfont-family:Symbol;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Industri pelancongan adalah salah satu penyumbang kepada ekonomi negara yang semakin meningkat kepentingannya. Malaysia yang mempunyai banyak destinasi yang dianggap terindah di dunia kini menarik semakin ramai pelancong dari luar dan dalam negara.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-left:.25in;tab-stops:99.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: SVfont-family:Symbol;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><a href="http://www.epu.jpm.my/rm9/english/chapter8.pdf"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:windowtext;">Rancangan Malaysia Ke-9 - Bab 8</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">menyatakan hasrat kerajaan untuk meningkatkan ekonomi negara dengan memberi lebih tumpuan pada aspek-aspek tertentu, termasuk industri pelancongan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: SVfont-family:Symbol;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Industri pelancongan di Malaysia merupakan sektor yang penting dalam kegiatan pertukaran wang asing, yang menyumbangkan kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi negara, menarik pelaburan dan mewujudkan peluang-peluang pekerjaan. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: SVfont-family:Symbol;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Kerajaan lebih fokus dalam usaha memperbaharui kedudukan negara sebagai destinasi pelancongan luar negara utama, di samping meningkatkan usaha-usaha yang berterusan bagi mempromosikan pelancongan tempatan. Peluang terbuka luas kepada para usahawan, pemilik perniagaan dan pelabur yang menyokong sasaran Kerajaan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><a href="http://www.motour.gov.my/"><span style="color:windowtext;">Kementeri</span>an Pelancongan Malaysia (Tourism<span style="color:windowtext;"> Malaysia) , Pusat Pelancongan Malaysia</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-decoration:none; text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"> </span></span><span style="color:windowtext;">and</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="text-decoration: none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"> </span></b></span><span style="color:windowtext;">Virtual Malaysia</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>will take the lead in developing the industry.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.tourism.gov.my/"><span style="color:windowtext;">Tourism Malaysia</span></a>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.mtc.gov.my/"><span style="color:windowtext;">Malaysian Tourism Centre</span></a> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.virtualmalaysia.com/"><span style="color:windowtext;">Virtual Malaysia</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>pula bertanggungjawab mempromosi dan memasarkan pelbagai produk dan perkhidmatan pelancongan negara di dalam dan luar negara melalui pasaran usahasama.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-27719648569492061902010-08-21T11:48:00.001-07:002010-08-21T11:53:22.552-07:00Malaysia<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidBD5y7dUztsu9_x25bvMmsPZETuMc6pW9NbyDIFE7Pmaz8Ddmanm0m4-dFyhJCAHss36k_JrY0CbllhxMiYiwkort-4_JmcVHgqx1a3SCgKU7MVlbWg-SjtSUU2AuV-GDTNx9_OL2OQSZ/s1600/images+(56).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 308px; height: 164px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidBD5y7dUztsu9_x25bvMmsPZETuMc6pW9NbyDIFE7Pmaz8Ddmanm0m4-dFyhJCAHss36k_JrY0CbllhxMiYiwkort-4_JmcVHgqx1a3SCgKU7MVlbWg-SjtSUU2AuV-GDTNx9_OL2OQSZ/s400/images+(56).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507937035544660066" /></a><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Malaysia</span></b></span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB">(<a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_Jawi" title="Tulisan Jawi" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">Jawi</span></a>: مليسيا) ialah sebuah negara</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persekutuan" title="Persekutuan" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">persekutuan</span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB">yang terletak di</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">Asia Tenggara</span></a>. Malaysia mempunyai dua kawasan utama yang dipisahkan oleh Laut China Selatan iaitu</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenanjung_Malaysia" title="Semenanjung Malaysia" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none">Semenanjung Malaysia</span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB">yang bersempadan dengan</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">Thailand</span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB">di utara dan</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">Singapura</span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB">di selatan serta</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Timur" title="Malaysia Timur" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">Malaysia Timur</span></a>, bahagian utara Pulau Borneo yang bersempadan dengan</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">Indonesia</span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB">di selatan dan</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">Brunei</span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB">di utara. <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia</st1:country-region></st1:place> adalah salah satu negara perintis</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">ASEAN</span></a>. <a name='more'></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Semenanjung Melayu berubah menjadi pusat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdagangan" title="Perdagangan" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">perdagangan</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>di<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Asia Tenggara</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>apabila<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" title="Republik Rakyat China" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">China</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">India</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>memulakan perdagangan mereka melalui<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Melaka" title="Selat Melaka" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Selat Melaka</span></a>. Banyak<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan" title="Kerajaan" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">kerajaan</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>awal wujud pada abad ke-10 berasal daripada bandar<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelabuhan" title="Pelabuhan" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">pelabuhan</span></a>. </p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .25in;line-height:150%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Ini termasuk<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Langkasuka</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan<a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lembah_Bujang" title="Lembah Bujang" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Lembah Bujang</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>di<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Kedah</span></a>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruas" title="Beruas" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Beruas</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangga_Negara" title="Gangga Negara" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Gangga Negara</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>di<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Perak" title="Negeri Perak" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Perak</span></a>, serta<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Pan" title="Pan Pan" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Pan Pan</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>di<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Kelantan</span></a>. Pada awal abad ke-15,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesultanan_Melaka" title="Kesultanan Melaka" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Kesultanan Melaka</span></a>wujud dan kemakmuran ekonominya telah menarik minat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penakluk&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Penakluk (tidak wujud)" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">penakluk</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>daripada<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugis" title="Portugis" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Portugis</span></a>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Belanda</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britain" title="Britain" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Britain</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>untuk mewujudkan petempatan atau<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koloni&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Koloni (tidak wujud)" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">koloni</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>di<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Melaka" title="Selat Melaka" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Selat Melaka</span></a>.</p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .25in;line-height:150%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Petempatan selat koloni diraja <st1:country-region st="on">Britain</st1:country-region> diwujudkan pada<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1826" title="1826" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">1826</span></a>, dan <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region> sedikit demi sedikit menyebarkan pengaruh dan kawalannya ke atas seluruh<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenanjung" title="Semenanjung" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">semenanjung</span></a>.</p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:150%"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: SV"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:FI"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span lang="FI">Penempatan selat ini terdiri dari<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">Pulau Pinang</span></a><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">Singapura</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka" title="Melaka" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">Melaka</span></a><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">. </span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV">Pada<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1867" title="1867" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">1867</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">, Inggeris menjadi semakin agresif dan mula mendapatkan negeri-negeri Melayu yang lain. Disebabkan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_saudara" title="Perang saudara" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">perang saudara</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">, gangguan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongsi_gelap" title="Kongsi gelap" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">kongsi gelap</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Cina,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Britain</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">telah dipilih untuk menyelesaikan masalah masalah penduduk<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri-negeri_Selat" title="Negeri-negeri Selat" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext; mso-ansi-language:SV">Negeri-negeri Selat</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: SV"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Akhirnya,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Pangkor" title="Perjanjian Pangkor" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext; mso-ansi-language:SV">Perjanjian Pangkor</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">ditandatangani yang mengakibatkan perluasan kuasa Britain ke negeri-negeri Melayu (iaitu<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Perak" title="Negeri Perak" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Perak</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Pahang</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Selangor</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Negeri Sembilan</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">yang dikenali juga</span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri-negeri_Melayu_Bersekutu" title="Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu" style="background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color:initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">). Negeri-negeri lain yang dikenali sebagai<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri-negeri_Melayu_Tidak_Bersekutu" title="Negeri-negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu" style="background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color:initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Negeri-negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">iaitu<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Perlis</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Kedah</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">,</span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Kelantan</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Terengganu</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">berada di bawah kuasa<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Thailand</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: FI"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Di<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Borneo</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">pula,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo_Utara" title="Borneo Utara" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Borneo Utara</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Britain dahulunya berada di bawah pemerintahan Kesultanan Sulu (sekarang Sabah) ditabalkan sebagai Koloni Diraja British, manakala<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Sarawak</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">menjadi milik keluarga<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooke" title="Brooke" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV">Brooke</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">. </span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI">Akibat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjajahan_Jepun_di_Tanah_Melayu" title="Penjajahan Jepun di Tanah Melayu" style="background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color:initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">penaklukan Jepun</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">pada<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">Perang Dunia II</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">dan kebangkitan</span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunis" title="Komunis" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">komunis</span></a><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">, sokongan untuk<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemerdekaan" title="Kemerdekaan" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">kemerdekaan</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">semakin kuat. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:150%"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: FI"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">Apabila Britain mahu mewujudkan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">Malayan Union</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">selepas perang berakhir, masyarakat Melayu bangun menentang dan mahukan sistem yang pro-Melayu, menolak kemasukan Singapura dan mahukan sistem kewarganegaraan tunggal (berbanding dwiwarganegara, yang membolehkan kaum pendatang mendapat status<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warganegara" title="Warganegara" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">warganegara</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">Malaya dan negara asal mereka). <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:150%"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: FI"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">Kemerdekaan untuk Semenanjung Tanah Melayu diperolehi pada 1957 di bawah nama Persekutuan Malaya, tanpa penyertaan Singapura.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:150%"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: FI"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">Persekutuan yang baru diwujudkan di bawah nama Malaysia pada 16 September<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963" title="1963" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">1963</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">melalui penyatuan Persekutuan Malaya, Singapura, Borneo Utara (kemudian dinamakan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">Sabah</span></a><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">) dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">Sarawak</span></a><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesultanan_Brunei" title="Kesultanan Brunei" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Kesultanan Brunei</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang pada mulanya menyatakan hasrat untuk menyertai <st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia</st1:country-region> menarik diri akibat tentangan sebahagian masyarakat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:windowtext">Brunei</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang kecewa kerana sultan mereka tidak disenarai dalam bakal Yang Di-Pertuan Agong. <span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:150%"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: FI"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">Pada awal penubuhan Malaysia, banyak perkara berlaku misalnya cubaan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">Indonesia</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfrontasi_Indonesia-Malaysia" title="Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia" style="background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color:initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">menakluk</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">Malaysia, dan tuntutan Sabah oleh<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">Filipina</span></a><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">. Selain itu, pada 1965, Singapura menarik diri daripada Malaysia dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristiwa_13_Mei" title="Peristiwa 13 Mei" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span lang="FI" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FI">rusuhan kaum</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">terjadi pada 1969.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:150%"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: FI"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">Kini Malaysia masih lagi mempunyai beberapa masalah dengan jirannya seperti masalah penambakan tanah oleh Singapura dan isu harga air. Dengan Indonesia juga terdapat sedikit perselisihan mengenai pemberian konsesi carigali minyak di perairan Sabah serta masalah pekerja asing tanpa izin (PATI). <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:150%"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin-top:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language: SV"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Namun segala masalah tersebut dirundingkan secara aman dengan semangat setiakawan. Tambahan lagi, rakyat Malaysia dan jiran-jirannya berasal dari rumpun yang sama. Terutamanya dengan rakyat Indonesia, Malaysia telah banyak menjalin ikatan dengan rakyat di negara itu.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p> Maklumat lanjut: klik sini </o:p></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia">http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia</a></span></p>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-71797483597844343472010-08-20T09:32:00.000-07:002010-08-21T08:08:10.929-07:00Keunikan Masyarakat Malaysia II<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtXsNgASz-bV5i-DwQI7fJzmJhN67UhP_HC6yb_2tO7AVzLOyy2GYvGI4Oua8qU-70tvsunbutmAcxHybr-aTHmdWqyTaeJyLsrLC8zEnHstv-t2co1-FYpnAd8tULa6epKihjUQ_98h4n/s1600/images+(4).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 207px; height: 183px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtXsNgASz-bV5i-DwQI7fJzmJhN67UhP_HC6yb_2tO7AVzLOyy2GYvGI4Oua8qU-70tvsunbutmAcxHybr-aTHmdWqyTaeJyLsrLC8zEnHstv-t2co1-FYpnAd8tULa6epKihjUQ_98h4n/s400/images+(4).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507539946855225090" /></a><br /><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;">KEUNIKAN MASYARAKAT<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">MALAYSIA</st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB"> BUDAYA</span></li></ul><ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB"> AGAMA DAN KEPERCAYAAN<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"> Kebudayaan dan adat resam masyarakat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia<span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:country-region></st1:place> </span>dapat dikaji dari pelbagai amalan yang diamalkan dalam hidup seharian, dalam perlakuan masyarakat dan dalam pergaulan pelbagai kaum itu sendiri.<o:p></o:p><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">Hidup beradat resam dalam masyarakat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia<span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:country-region></st1:place> </span>dapat dilihat adanya kesetiaan mereka untuk mematuhi adat resam masyarakat atau norma masyarakat.<o:p></o:p><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><a name='more'></a></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;">1. ORANG MELAYU</span></b></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></b></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">· <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dalam masyarakat Melayu terdapat banyak adat resam yang mesti dipatuhi sebagai satu kebiasaan / kelaziman <o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">· <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Antara contoh adat resam Melayu :-<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">memberi salam sebelum masuk rumah orang<o:p></o:p></span></li> <u2:p></u2:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">menunduk kepala ketika lalu di depan orang ramai atau orang lebih tua,<o:p></o:p></span></li> <u2:p></u2:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">berjabat tangan dengan mencium tangan orang tua<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ol> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">2. MASYARAKAT CINA</span></b><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"> Adat berkunjung ke rumah orang Cina</span></b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></b></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"> 1. Tetamu duduk sebelah kiri untuk menghormati tuan rumah<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"> 2. Jangan terus makan sebelum dipelawa<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"> 3. Pantang berkunjung sewaktu tuan rumah sedang makan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">3. MASYARAKAT INDIA</span></b><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Adat berkunjung ke rumah orang India</span></b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></b></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">1. Pantang berkunjung pada hari Khamis<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">2. Pantang bayar hutang waktu malam<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">3. Beri salam<span class="apple-converted-space"><i> </i></span><i>vanakam (tamil)<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></i>dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Namasthe (Hindi)<u2:p></u2:p></i><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">4. Tanggalkan kasut bila masuk rumah<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">5. Tidak boleh menolak pelawaan makan minum<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Penduduk di Malaysia terdiri daripada kepelbagaian kaum yang menganuti pelbagai agama<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kebanyakan perayaan di Malaysia berkait rapat dengan agama dan kepercayaan yang dianuti oleh masyarakatnya<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Antara agama dan kepercayaan yang diamalkan: Islam, Buddha, Kristian, dan Hindu<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kepelbagaian perayaan ini turut di sambut dan di rai oleh setiap kaum tidak mengira agama dan kepercayaan masing-masing<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;">Tahun Baru Cina</span></b><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>menandakan hari pertama kalendar Bulan dan perayaan ini disambut selama 15 hari<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Limau Mandarin dan putik pohon plum, yang melambangkan kemewahan serta nasib baik, menghias rumah penduduk berbangsa Cina<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Tarian naga dan tarian singa<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Pada malam sebelum Tahun Baru, ahli keluarga berkumpul menikmati jamuan makan malam, diikuti dengan rumah terbuka meraikan sanak saudara dan sahabat handai pada keesokkan harinya.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;">Thaipusam</span></b><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Perayaan ini disambut sebagai tanda kesyukuran oleh penganut agama Hindu, serta sebagai tanda penghormatan kepada tuhan Muruga atau Subramaniam<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>kenderaan berhias tuhan Muruga dibawa berarak menerusi jalan-jalan tertentu di bandaraya sebelum berakhir di Batu Caves, Selangor<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Ribuan penganut berarak sambil memikul Kavadi<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;">Tadau Kaamatan</span></b><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>disambut setiap tahun oleh komuniti etnik terbesar di<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:place st="on">Sabah</st1:place>, iaitu kaum Kadazan Dusun<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Perayaan kesyukuran ini diadakan sebagai tanda penghormatan kepada semangat padi yang digelar Bambaazon, atas hasil tuaian padi yang lumayan<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kemuncak perayaan : termasuk jamuan minuman tuak, makanan serta tarian tradisional, pertandingan Ratu Cantik, perlumbaan kerbau dan sebagainya<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;">Hari Raya Aidil Fitri</span></b><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Hari Raya Aidil Fitri disambut setelah tamatnya bulan puasa (Ramadhan)<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Penduduk Islam di Malaysia memulakan hari raya dengan menziarahi kubur diikuti sembahyang sunat hari Raya dan saling bermaafan antara satu sama lain<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Sanak-saudara serta sahabat handai dijemput ke rumah terbuka dan disajikan dengan pelbagai hidangan<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;">Deepavali</span></b><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>diraikan oleh penganut Hindu<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Deepavali dikenali juga sebagai Perayaan Cahaya pada setiap bulan ke-7 mengikut kalendar Hindu<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>upacara sembahyang serta ‘pembersihan’ dijalankan di kuil-kuil serta tempat-tempat pemujaan penganut Hindu<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;">Krismas</span></b><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Diraikan pada 25 Disember setiap tahun<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Menandakan kelahiran Jesus Christ<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Keluarga, sanak saudara dan sahabat berkumpul bagi meraikan perayaan ini<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;">Wesak</span></b><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Penganut Buddha memperingati kelahiran, kesedaran dan kematian Buddha<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Para penganut mempersembahkan pemberian mereka dan menjalankan upacara seperti ‘mandian patung Buddha’, pembacaan mentera dan membakar colok<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Upacara perlantikan sami biasanya dilangsungkan di kuil-kuil Buddha dan pada sebelah malam diadakan perarakan<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"></span><o:p> </o:p></p>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-66768311347813744952010-08-20T09:31:00.000-07:002010-08-20T16:25:28.968-07:00Keunikan Masyarakat Malaysia<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9t18EmxL-Liv2zjh8FwReldld5UmI7947vtbTlf0ElSAUTjN_HovgKDPgvJRPVCx7acJuHo_nIqgTvDN6vusQ3GfLzsoRCnCY-TNn2lRS24MIjZNM0y6s9f-6291nXW7gn_UD2LsMiVS2/s1600/images+(2).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 275px; height: 183px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9t18EmxL-Liv2zjh8FwReldld5UmI7947vtbTlf0ElSAUTjN_HovgKDPgvJRPVCx7acJuHo_nIqgTvDN6vusQ3GfLzsoRCnCY-TNn2lRS24MIjZNM0y6s9f-6291nXW7gn_UD2LsMiVS2/s400/images+(2).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507533679339385090" /></a><br /><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:#003366;">KEUNIKAN MASYARAKAT MALAYSIA</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"><br /></p><p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"><span style="color:black;"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><br /></span></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">SISTEM POLITIK DAN PEMERINTAHAN<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Malaysia merupakan sebuah negara yang mengamalkan sistem Demokrasi berasaskan kepada sistem Persekutuan. Sehubungan dengan itu, ia bermakna negeri-negeri Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang, Perak , Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor, Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan, Sarawak dan Sabah telah bersetuju dengan konsep penubuhan Negara Malaysia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Setiap negeri yang terbabit telah menyerahkan sebahagian kuasa masing-masing, seperti kewangan, pertahanan, pelajaran, luar negara dan lain-lain lagi seperti mana yang telah tercatat di dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia yang ditadbir oleh Kerajaan Pusat. Ada perkara-perkara yang dijadikan kuasa negeri dan negeri akan mentadbirkan kuasa. <a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Malaysia mengamalkan Sistem Demokrasi Berparlimen<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Ia bernaung di bawah pentadbiran Raja Berperlembagaan dengan Seri Paduka Baginda Yang Di-Pertuan Agong sebagai Ketua Negara.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Perlembagaan negara telah digubal dengan mengadakan syarat-syarat untuk pengalaman sistem ini.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Salah satu syarat sistem Demokrasi Berparlimen adalah pembahagian kuasa kepada tiga bahagian di dalam pemerintahan, iaitu :-<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <ol start="1" type="i"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Perundangan (Legislatif),</span></b></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"></span></b><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Kehakiman (judisiari) dan</span></b></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"></span></b><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Pentadbiran (Eksekutif.)</span></b></li></ol><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><b><!-- more --></b></span></div> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:#3366CC;">PRINSIP DEMOKRASI BERPARLIMEN</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="separator" align="center" style="text-align: left;margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#3366CC;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">•Raja Berperlembagaan<br />•Parlimen<br />•Perlembagaan<br />•Sistem pemerintahan<br />•Kebebasan asasi<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:black;">PARLIMEN</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">diperkenalkan pada 1909<o:p></o:p></span></li> <u1:p></u1:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">perhimpunan perundingan bagi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>tujuan membuat undang-undang rasmi negara<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:black;">KERAJAAN BERPARLIMEN</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Satu sistem kerajaan<o:p></o:p></span></li> <u1:p></u1:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Diwakili ahli-ahli eksekutif<o:p></o:p></span></li> <u1:p></u1:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Hasil pilihanraya umum<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:black;">LATARBELAKANG PARLIMEN</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Majlis Persekutuan 1909<o:p></o:p></span></li> <u1:p></u1:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Crown Colony<o:p></o:p></span></li> <u1:p></u1:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Malayan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:place st="on">Union</st1:place><o:p></o:p></st1:place></span></li> <u1:p></u1:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Majlis Perundangan Persekutuan 1948<o:p></o:p></span></li> <u1:p></u1:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Sistem Ahli (Member System) – 1951<o:p></o:p></span></li> <u1:p></u1:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Dewan Undangan Persekutuan 1955<o:p></o:p></span></li> <u1:p></u1:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Parlimen – 19 Ogos 1959<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:black;">PARLIMEN</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">wujud hasil pilihanraya umum<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>19 Ogos 1959(selepas<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:teal;">pembubaran Dewan Undangan Persekutuan pada 27 Jun, 1959)</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">terdiri dari 104 orang ahli yang<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dipilih.<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">STRUKTUR PARLIMEN<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Unikameral - 1 dewan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Bikameral - 2 buah dewan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style=" mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:black;">contoh:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia</st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:place></st1:country-region> -<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:blue;">Dewan Negara &</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;color:black;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;color:#3366CC;">Dewan Rakyat</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;color:#3366CC;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style=" mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:black;"> Amerika <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:#3366CC;">- House of Representatives & House of Senate</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:black;"> <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:place></st1:country-region> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:#3366CC;">-<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>House of Commons &<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:blue;">House of Lords</span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:.5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:blue;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;">STRUKTUR & KEANGGOTAAN PARLIMEN<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"># Yang diPertuan Agong<br />#<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dewan Negara<br />#<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dewan Rakyat<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">KUASA PARLIMEN<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">1. Senarai Persekutuan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:teal;">(keadilan, kewangan, pertahanan, hal</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:teal;">ehwal luar negara dan pendidikan)</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:teal;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">2. Senarai Negeri<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:15.35pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:teal;">(tanah, perlombongan, pertanian,<br />perhutanan, hal ehwal agama Islam dan<br />adat resam)</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:15.35pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:teal;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">3. Senarai Bersama<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:teal;">(kebajikan masyarakat, biasiswa,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:#339966;">perlindungan hidupan liar)</span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:#339966;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:black;">KEISTIMEWAAN PARLIMEN</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Perjalanan di dalam Dewan tidak boleh </span>didakwa di mahkamah.</li></ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Tidak boleh didakwa terhadap ucapan dalam </span>Parlimen.</li></ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Hanya kalau menimbulkan isu2 sensitif boleh didakwa </span>di bawah Akta Hasutan 1948.</li></ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Tidak boleh dibicarakan di mahkamah terhadap apa yang diterbit dalam Dewan Parlimen.</span></li></ul><ul type="disc"> <li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; ">Malaysia mengamalkan sistem demokrasi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>berparlimen.</span></li></ul><ul type="disc"><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; ">Sistem ini mendapat sokongan dan </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; ">penglibatan pihak pemerintah dan rakyat jelata.</span></li></ul><ul type="disc"><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; ">Sistem Parlimen dan pilihanraya di </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; ">Malaysia akan terus kekal dan bertambah</span></li></ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Sumber :<b> h</b><a href="ttp://www.scribd.com/doc/13160062/Demokrasi"><b>ttp://www.scribd.com/doc/13160062/Demokrasi</b></a></span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-65321706424017926182010-08-20T09:29:00.000-07:002010-08-21T08:24:02.196-07:00Dasar Kebudayaan Kebangsaan (DKK)<div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha7-Wk75Tb6cunzVg7C3d9LS6h6ML2j7p7EeXiKdzuuqgwK4fH21V_yh0hi-aObypWMMQruEfwkYAZeE_M5HRVssKeKlHNKS0JUeUpBO-6IKWMIKSQSXbQC3Y-6cIq1uor2PzOtBgBYW8j/s1600/images+(11).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 251px; height: 201px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha7-Wk75Tb6cunzVg7C3d9LS6h6ML2j7p7EeXiKdzuuqgwK4fH21V_yh0hi-aObypWMMQruEfwkYAZeE_M5HRVssKeKlHNKS0JUeUpBO-6IKWMIKSQSXbQC3Y-6cIq1uor2PzOtBgBYW8j/s400/images+(11).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507880479905807682" /></a></div><br /><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">DASAR KEBUDAYAAN KEBANGSAAN (DKK)</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;">LATAR BELAKANG<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kebudayaan merupakan keseluruhan cara hidup manusia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kebudayaan dalam pengertian yang luas ialah pakaian batin yang dilahirkan melalui proses penghayatan yang berkesan dan mendalam.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Ia dihasilkan melalui perlakuan manusia dalam pelbagai bentuk perhubungan, penyataan fikiran, perasaan dan perbuatan, penyataan sikap, nilai-nilai yang diyakini dan diamalkan dari semasa ke semasa sehingga mewujudkan kesejahteraan hidup bermasyarakat yang bersatu padu dan kukuh. <a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> Bagi sebuah negara yang mempunyai masyarakat berbilang kaum seperti di <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region>, proses pembentukan kebudayaan nasional memerlukan perancangan yang teliti dan rapi supaya dapat melahirkan cara hidup yang bersifat keMalaysiaan.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Perancangan kebudayaan ini harus menentukan sifat-sifat yang baik, mulia dan utama bagi pembinaan bangsa dan ketahanan negara.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="separator" align="center" style="text-align: left; text-indent: -24px;margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 18pt; "><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">RASIONAL DKK<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>DKK digubal pada tahun 1971 hasil persetujuan bersama dalam Kongres Kebudayaan Kebangsaan 1971<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Penggubalan Dasar Kebudayaan Kebangsaan adalah penting bagi sesebuah negara membangun dan yang mempunyai penduduk berbilang kaum seperti<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>.<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> Dasar ini nanti akan dapat menjadi garis panduan dalam membentuk, mewujud dan mengekalkan identiti negara di kalangan dunia antarabangsa.<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">PRINSIP DASAR KEBUDAYAAN KEBANGSAAN (DKK)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Sebagai satu proses yang berterusan, penwujudan Kebudayaan Kebangsaan Malaysia akan terus berlandaskan unsur-unsur dan tiga prinsip yang ditetapkan oleh Kerajaan sebagai Dasar Kebudayaan Kebangsaan.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Strategi & Pelaksanaan Objektif DKK<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">(i) Pemulihan, pemeliharaan dan pembangunan kebudayaan ke arah menguatkan asas-asas Kebudayaan Kebangsaan melalui usahasama penyelidikan, pembangunan, pendidikan, pengembangan dan perhubungan budaya;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">(ii) Meningkat dan mengukuhkan kepimpinan budaya melalui usaha-usaha membimbing dan melatih peminat, mendokong dan menggerak kebudayaan seluas-luasnya sebagai jentera pembangunan yang berkesan;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">(iii) Mewujudkan komunikasi yang berkesan ke arah kesedaran kebangsaan, kenegaraan dan nasionalisme Malaysia;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">(iv) Memenuhi keperluan sosiobudaya; dan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">(v) Meninggikan taraf dan mutu kesenian.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;">Allahyarham Tun Abd. Razak, PM kedua dalam Kongres Kebudayaan Kebangsaan 1971 :-</span></b><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;">“…nenek moyang bangsa kita yang mendiami rantau Nusantara ini meninggalkan pusaka kebudayaan yang kaya raya dan tinggi mtunya. …sewajarnya kita menerima gagasan bahawa Kebudayaan Kebangsaan yang sedang dibentuk dan dicorakkan hendaklah berlandaskan kebudayaan rakyat asal rantau ini. …patutlah juga mengambil unsur-unsur kebudayaan yang datang ke rantau ini…yang dapat menyegarkan dan mencorakkan kebudayaan <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region> masa hadapan. Namun harus diingat dalam mencari bentuk dan menentukan corak tersebut, kita tidak lah melupakan masyarakat kita yang berbilang bangsa “the reality of our multiracial society…”</span></b><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="color:black;">(Dipetik dan diubahsuai daripada Aziz Deraman: 2005; DBP. Hal. 8-9)</span></b><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"></span><o:p> </o:p></p>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-24596552110835778772010-08-20T09:25:00.000-07:002010-08-21T09:49:48.812-07:00Dasar Bahasa<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinTg1YcFzrR5Uhpc5OhoMC3FWjaCSr8pWgPJ4QCzxUkYr5ogRM_25WDaEYDeB5bKLFLxNFKIn70b-FAhx4yAp9ViCwe77hURLbBU-pdY_6Sr_eSEyqBtsYxR78P9EeeryM8Hwi9uivbwN_/s1600/images+(20).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 164px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinTg1YcFzrR5Uhpc5OhoMC3FWjaCSr8pWgPJ4QCzxUkYr5ogRM_25WDaEYDeB5bKLFLxNFKIn70b-FAhx4yAp9ViCwe77hURLbBU-pdY_6Sr_eSEyqBtsYxR78P9EeeryM8Hwi9uivbwN_/s400/images+(20).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507884837291578962" /></a><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinTg1YcFzrR5Uhpc5OhoMC3FWjaCSr8pWgPJ4QCzxUkYr5ogRM_25WDaEYDeB5bKLFLxNFKIn70b-FAhx4yAp9ViCwe77hURLbBU-pdY_6Sr_eSEyqBtsYxR78P9EeeryM8Hwi9uivbwN_/s1600/images+(20).jpg">Perjuangan Memartabatkan Bahasa Ibunda dan Kebangsaan</a><div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinTg1YcFzrR5Uhpc5OhoMC3FWjaCSr8pWgPJ4QCzxUkYr5ogRM_25WDaEYDeB5bKLFLxNFKIn70b-FAhx4yAp9ViCwe77hURLbBU-pdY_6Sr_eSEyqBtsYxR78P9EeeryM8Hwi9uivbwN_/s1600/images+(20).jpg"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "></span></span></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinTg1YcFzrR5Uhpc5OhoMC3FWjaCSr8pWgPJ4QCzxUkYr5ogRM_25WDaEYDeB5bKLFLxNFKIn70b-FAhx4yAp9ViCwe77hURLbBU-pdY_6Sr_eSEyqBtsYxR78P9EeeryM8Hwi9uivbwN_/s1600/images+(20).jpg"></a><u><br /></u><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;">ASAS PEMBENTUKAN MASYARAKAT DI<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">MALAYSIA</st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></st1:place></st1:country-region></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><br /></st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;">DASAR BAHASA<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">AKTA BAHASA KEBANGSAAN 1963<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">(AKTA 32)<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Suatu akta bagi menyatukan undang-undang berhubung dengan penggunaan Bahasa Kebangsaan<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Berkuatkuasa di negeri Sabah, Sarawak pada tarikh yang ditetapkan oleh pihak berkuasa negeri masing-masing<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Bahasa Kebangsaan hendaklah digunakan bagi maksud rasmi<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Penggunaan bahasa-bahasa lain dibenarkan bagi apa-apa maksud yang difikirkan perlu demi kepentingan awam termasuk bahasa Inggeris <a name='more'></a><!-- more --><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Penggunaan bahasa Inggeris dibenarkan di Parlimen dan dewan undangan negeri<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Segala teks rasmi berkenaan undang-undang, akta, enakmen, ordinan hendaklah ditulis dalam bahasa kebangsaan dan Inggeris<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Teks bahasa kebnagsaan adalah sahih melainkan YDPA menetapkan sebaliknya<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Undang-undang bertulis sebelum 1 September 1967 yang diterjemahkan dalam bahasa kebangsaan dianggap sah oleh YDPA<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Bahasa mahkamah hendaklah dalam bahasa kebangsaan dan mahkamah boleh menetapkan sama ada sesuatu prosiding boleh dilakukan dalam bahasa kebangsaan atau Inggeris.<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">FUNGSI, KEDUDUKAN DAN TARAF BAHASA MELAYU<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Selepas 1957, kedudukan dan taraf BM adalah sebagai bahasa kebangsaan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Sebagai bahasa kebangsaan BM diwajibkan untuk menjadi bahasa perantaraan dan bahasa rasmi dalam semua hal.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Ia juga menjadi bahasa pentadbiran, bahasa perhubungan awam serta bahasa ilmu dan semua ini dipikul peringkat demi peringkat oleh BM sejak 1957<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Asmah Hj Omar (1985), bahasa kebangsaan sebahagian bahasa yang melambangkan identiti dan kedaulatan negara<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Fishman (dalam W.H. Whiteley; 1971) mengatakan ada 3 jenis penentuan dasar bahasa di setiap negara iaitu jenis A, B, dan C<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Perkara 152 Perlembagaan Persekutuan menegaskan sekali lagi bahawa dasar bahasa yang dibuat oleh kerajaan untuk membentuk masyarakat pluralistik yang bersatu padu adalah serius<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Ia menetapkan satu bahasa iaitu BM sebagai bahasa kebangsaan atau rasmi untuk mana-mana keperluan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Asas pembentukan masyarakat di <st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia</st1:country-region> yang didasari oleh dasar bahasa yang menetapkan BM sebagai bahasa kebangsaan, yang mesti dipelajari dan digunakan oleh semua orang merupakan simbol identiti masyarakat dan negara bangsa <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><br /></st1:place></st1:country-region></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Bahasa Melayu mempunyai syarat untuk memenuhi keperluan bagi menjadi bahasa kebangsaan yang melambangkan kedaulatan dan perpaduan negara<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>2 ciri tersebut adalah :-<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">(i) menjadi asas kebudayaan nasional<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">(ii) menyatupadukan rakyat<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Bahasa yang berbeza-beza menimbulkan kebudayaan yang berbeza juga<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Ia tidak akan menimbulkan satu negara yang mempunyai perpaduan yang teguh<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Perpaduan rakyat yang berbilang bangsa itu boleh dicapai dengan adanya satu kebudayaan nasional yang mempunyai bahasa kebangsaan sebagai lambang ekspresinya (Asmah Hj. Omar; 1985)<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"></span><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-82646942555223802402010-08-20T09:24:00.001-07:002010-08-21T09:08:55.692-07:00Dasar Pendidikan Kebangsaan<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGiZ1OfbdBvdsNEIUIiH8zhelK2ibZqceiQqX8QxvuI5feflm9RZkHFHuUH5lXAMvrgZ7kS4NOF-Q7V9BjCY5P7bglueQRuFvONCCQ-cHwiFiIenoanCfpHbKZVQEIbcHbKlGv6M97KLT7/s1600/images+(18).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 228px; height: 221px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGiZ1OfbdBvdsNEIUIiH8zhelK2ibZqceiQqX8QxvuI5feflm9RZkHFHuUH5lXAMvrgZ7kS4NOF-Q7V9BjCY5P7bglueQRuFvONCCQ-cHwiFiIenoanCfpHbKZVQEIbcHbKlGv6M97KLT7/s400/images+(18).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507891849405214706" /></a><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;">DASAR PENDIDIKAN KEBANGSAAN<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dalam konteks hubungan masyarakat di negara kita, dasar pembangunan negara merujuk kepada :-<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">1) Usaha kerajaan bersama dukungan rakyat untuk melakukan perubahan dalam aspek sosial, kebudayaan, politik dan ekonomi secara seimbang dan adil bagi semua kaum<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="separator" align="center" style="text-align: left;margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Menggunakan acuan tempatan dengan memperkasakan dari segi bahasa pengantar, sukatan mata pelajaran dan kurikulumnya <a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Terkandung dalam Penyata Razak 1956 dan Ordinan Pelajaran 1957<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Semakan semula ordinan yang menghasilkan Penyata Rahman Talib 1960<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kemudian dimaktubkan sebagai Akta Pelajaran 1961<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Jawatankuasa Kabinet ditubuhkan untuk mengkaji semula Dasar Pendidikan supaya mencapai objektif perpaduan dan memenuhi keperluan negara.<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Laporan Jawatankuasa itu telah diterbitkan pada tahun 1979<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">· <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Menubuhkan satu sistem pendidikan yang akan dapat memenuhi keperluan negara dan menggalakkan perkembangan budaya, sosial, ekonomi dan politik<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">· <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Berpandukan Penyata Razak 56 & Rahman Talib 60 : mentafsirkan sbg penyatuan kanak-kanak sekolah berbilang kaum dan menyediakan tenaga kerja dlm bidang ekonomi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">· <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Berasaskan pendekatan keseimbangan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>J.E.R.I<u1:p></u1:p></b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><b><br /></b></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">· <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Bertujuan untuk melahirkan warganegara Malaysia berilmu pengetahuan, berketrampilan, berakhlak mulia, bertanggungjawab serta mampu mencapai kesejahteraan diri lalu menyumbangkan terhadap keharmonian dan kemakmuran keluarga, masyarakat dan negara<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Penyatuan falsafah dan objektif yang seimbang dalam DPK diwujudkan berasaskan kepentingan hubungan etnik yang pelbagai di Malaysia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kerajaan juga telah memperkenalkan Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan 2001-2010 yang bertujuan mewujudkan sebuah masyarakat yang saksama melalui peningkatan paras pendapatan dan kualiti hidup untuk golongan berpendapatan rendah dan mengurangkan jurang ekonomi antara etnik dan kawasan.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">ERA DASAR EKONOMI BARU<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">(1971 – 1990) </span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/y7z_fO4aCnE?fs=1&hl=en_US"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/y7z_fO4aCnE?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Memperbetulkan ketidakseimbangan sosioekonomi yang wujud antara kaum dan wilayah<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">x<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">x<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Mempertingkatkan penglibatan kaum bumiputera dalam bidang perniagaan dan perusahaan<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">x<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">x<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Mencapai pembangunan seimbang bagi mewujudkan masyarakat yang bersatu padu dan adil<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">x<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><u2:p></u2:p><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">x<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><u2:p></u2:p><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Mewujudkan sebuah masyarakat Perdagangan dan Perindustrian Bumiputera<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p><p align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:14.25pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><u2:p></u2:p><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">ERA DASAR WAWASAN NEGARA<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><u2:p></u2:p><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"> (2001 - 2010)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><u2:p></u2:p><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Mewujudkan bangsa <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region> yang bersatu padu, progresif dan makmur<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">x<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Meningkatkan daya tahan dan daya saing ekonomi Malaysia<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"></span><o:p> </o:p></p>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-82310366956057796732010-08-20T09:22:00.000-07:002010-08-21T09:29:43.617-07:00Sistem Politik Dan Pemerintahan<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJhXS982bmMn4lg70nLScdrC-xev2Y4Z2iNIU0I_bPgivdxRm_64Cd7bjxRq4nx9D1uF1RYvDYB8Zb_Sy7gxlsxTb-sQqERMOgEt833Fxis0Y_NUQ2DhYU3qfMakMSERd0Nx0gpgMYzPda/s1600/images+(14).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 234px; height: 215px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJhXS982bmMn4lg70nLScdrC-xev2Y4Z2iNIU0I_bPgivdxRm_64Cd7bjxRq4nx9D1uF1RYvDYB8Zb_Sy7gxlsxTb-sQqERMOgEt833Fxis0Y_NUQ2DhYU3qfMakMSERd0Nx0gpgMYzPda/s400/images+(14).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507899316607034786" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">STRUKTUR PENTADBIRAN</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">Yang Di-Pertuan Agong<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Merupakan Ketua Negara dan ketua kepada 3 cabang kerajaan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dilantik 5 tahun sekali daripada kalangan 9 orang raja-raja Melayu <a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Setelah dilantik sebagai YDPA, baginda tidak boleh meneruskan tugas-tugas sebagai raja di negerinya kecuali:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">Ø</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;color:black;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Tugas sebagai ketua agama Islam<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">Ø</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;color:black;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Tugas dan kuasa yang berkaitan dengan pindaan perlembagaan<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">Ø</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;color:black;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kuasa untuk melantik seorang Pemangku Raja dan anggota Majlis Pangkuan Raja di negerinya<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><u><span lang="EN-GB"><u1:p></u1:p>Kuasa Eksekutif</span><u1:p></u1:p></u><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></li> </ol> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Perkara 39 Perlembagaan Persekutuan menyatakan YDPA bertindak sebagai punca kuasa eksekutif<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Baginda bertindak atas nasihat kabinet atau nasihat seorang menteri yang bertindak di bawah kuasa am Kabinet (biasanya Perdana Menteri)<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Berhak untuk memperoleh maklumat tentang pemerintahan Persekutuan daripada Kabinet<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">2.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><u>Kuasa Perundangan<u1:p></u1:p></u><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><u><br /></u></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Berkuasa untuk memanggil Parlimen supaya bersidang ,menangguh dan membubarkan Parlimen<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Rang undang-undang yang diluluskan oleh Parlimen perlu mendapat persetujuan daripada YDPA sebelum dijadikan undang-undang<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Penyimpan Mohor Besar Raja-raja dititah mengenakan Cop Mohor Besar ke atas rang undang-undang yang telah mendapat perkenan YDPA<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Rang undang-undang akan berkuatkuasa setelah diwartakan dalam Warta Kerajaan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">3.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><u>Kuasa Kehakiman<u1:p></u1:p></u><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><u><br /></u></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>YDPA melantik Ketua Hakim Negara, Hakim-hakim Besar serta Hakim-hakim Mahkamah Persekutuan dan Mahkamah Tinggi<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>atas nasihat Perdana Menteri selepas berunding dengan Majlis Raja-raja<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">4.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><u>Kuasa Budi Bicara<u1:p></u1:p></u><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><u><br /></u></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>YDPA boleh bertindak mengikut budi bicaranya sendiri dalam:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Melantik Perdana Menteri</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span>Tidak mempersetujui permintaan PM untuk membubarkan Parlimen</li><li class="MsoNormal" color="black" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in">Meminta diadakan mesyuarat Majlis Raja-raja mengenai kedudukan, keistimewaan, kemuliaan dan kebesaran raja-raja</li></ol><ol start="1" type="1"> </ol> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">5.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><u>Tugas-tugas lain</u><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><u><br /></u></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Menjadi Panglima Tertinggi Angkatan Tentera<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia<span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:country-region> </span>dan Ketua Agama Islam di Melaka, Pulau Pinang, Sabah dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:place st="on">Sarawak</st1:place>, dan negerinya sendiri<o:p></o:p><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dalam keadaan-keadaan tertentu, baginda berkuasa untuk mengisytiharkan darurat<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Berkuasa melantik atau melucutkan jawatan Jemaah Menteri dan timbalannya<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">¡ <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Melantik duta-duta dan pesuruhjaya tinggi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia<span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:place></st1:country-region> </span>ke negara-negara luar serta menerima tauliah daripada perwakilan asing <o:p></o:p><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">Sumber :<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><a href="http://www.townplan.gov.my/ensiklopedia/BAB%2002.pdf"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">http://www.townplan.gov.my/ensiklopedia/BAB%2002.pdf</span></a></span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><br /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"></span><o:p> </o:p></p></div>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-84659366817023096882010-08-20T09:19:00.000-07:002010-08-21T09:42:38.823-07:00PEMBENTUKAN RAKYAT MALAYSIA PASCAMERDEKA<div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKJeKYyog3H995aDk50-DyMLnrw1u1bK2RRX19GYBk8gyOWX8KsCImIsWeYR26lUnRQOarWJ1lcqhHGJNYQx1MVAmMIZUrdS5uxij6iImqsmo4lM0snEZ5SV6orFExPqoQIAMtxPa6Cl7R/s1600/download+(4).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 99px; height: 93px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKJeKYyog3H995aDk50-DyMLnrw1u1bK2RRX19GYBk8gyOWX8KsCImIsWeYR26lUnRQOarWJ1lcqhHGJNYQx1MVAmMIZUrdS5uxij6iImqsmo4lM0snEZ5SV6orFExPqoQIAMtxPa6Cl7R/s400/download+(4).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507903764711822098" /></a></div><br /><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">AKTA BAHASA KEBANGSAAN<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p>DASAR PENDIDIKAN KEBANGSAAN<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style=" mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"><br /></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p>—<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kedudukan Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kebangsaan telah termaktub dalam Perkara 152 Perlembagaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu 1957<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p>—<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Untuk memartabatkan bahasa Melayu dan menjamin perpaduan rakyat<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><u2:p></u2:p><u1:p></u1:p>—<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Pelbagai langkah di ambil untuk memperkasakan bahasa Melayu: <a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><u2:p></u2:p>- 1956:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) diwujudkan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><u2:p></u2:p>- Pelancaran “Minggu Bahasa” dan “Bulan Bahasa”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><u2:p></u2:p>- slogan “Bahasa Jiwa Bangsa”<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p>—<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>1967: Akta Bahasa Kebangsaan diluluskan<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">- kedudukan bahasa Melayu semakin kukuh<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p>—<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>1970: sekolah rendah yang menggunakan bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa pengantar ditukar</span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"> kepada bahasa kebangsaan secara berperingkat-peringkat<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p>—<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>1977: penubuhan UKM<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">- membuktikan bahasa Melayu mampu menjadi bahasa ilmu<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><u2:p></u2:p><u1:p></u1:p>—<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>1982: bahasa Melayu menjadi bahasa pengantar di semua sekolah<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p>—<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>1990: bahasa Melayu mula digunakan di mahkamah<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><u1:p></u1:p>DASAR KEBUDAYAAN KEBANGSAAN<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Penggubalan dan pelaksanaan Dasar Kebudayaan Kebangsaan adalah perlu bagi negara<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:place></st1:country-region> </span>yang sedang membangun dan yang mempunyai penduduk berbilang kaum yang mengamalkan budaya yang berbeza.<o:p></o:p></li> </ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB"><u2:p></u2:p>Dasar ini dapat menjadi garis panduan dalam membentuk serta mewujudkan satu bangsa yang bersatu-padu serta mengekalkan identiti negara di kalangan dunia antarabangsa.<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Namun demikian pelaksanaannya adalah rumit dan tidak dapat dicapai dalam masa yang singkat.<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-1852497594758332902010-08-20T09:17:00.001-07:002010-08-20T09:17:49.325-07:00<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">PEMBENTUKAN MASYARAKAT<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">MALAYSIA</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:place></st1:country-region> </span>PASCAMERDEKA<span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"><span style="color:black"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwdb9wGIwso-Y_9tRjC2mI_nJakaI_hyphenhyphenfRzB0x6TS5f8ofOdk7nK-80d2hTLwtVGa3qUsLxmSxglSpjtfRy4jv-vFTDW0vovHCKMPxvDntiQASic0bG4cfzRP3TrIfydEWbWOxJxsoWIlT/s1600/images+(8).jpg" imageanchor="1"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:formulas> <v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"> <o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwdb9wGIwso-Y_9tRjC2mI_nJakaI_hyphenhyphenfRzB0x6TS5f8ofOdk7nK-80d2hTLwtVGa3qUsLxmSxglSpjtfRy4jv-vFTDW0vovHCKMPxvDntiQASic0bG4cfzRP3TrIfydEWbWOxJxsoWIlT/s1600/images+(8).jpg" style="'width:300pt;height:237pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\me\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwdb9wGIwso-Y_9tRjC2mI_nJakaI_hyphenhyphenfRzB0x6TS5f8ofOdk7nK-80d2hTLwtVGa3qUsLxmSxglSpjtfRy4jv-vFTDW0vovHCKMPxvDntiQASic0bG4cfzRP3TrIfydEWbWOxJxsoWIlT/s400/images+(8).jpg"> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><img border="0" width="400" height="316" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\me\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.jpg" shapes="_x0000_i1025" /></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black; mso-ansi-language:SV">----> PERLEMBAGAAN 1957<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black; mso-ansi-language:SV">----> IDEOLOGI KEBANGSAAN<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black; mso-ansi-language:SV">----> DASAR BAHASA<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black; mso-ansi-language:SV">----> DASAR KEBUDAYAAN KEBANGSAAN<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black; mso-ansi-language:SV">----> DASAR PENDIDIKAN KEBANGSAAN<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black; mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Suruhanjaya Reid ditubuhkan untuk merangka Perlembagaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dipengerusikan oleh Lord Reid<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dianggotai oleh pakar-pakar perlembagaan dari negara-negara Komanwel, iaitu:<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black">› <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Sir Ivor <st1:city st="on">Jennings</st1:city> (<st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>)</span><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black">› <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Sir Wiliam McKell (<st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>)</span><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black">› <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">TuanB. Malik (<st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>)</span><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black">› <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Tuan Abdul Hamid (<st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Pakistan</st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:place></st1:country-region>)</span><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Membuat tinjauan bagi mendapatkan pandangan pelbagai pihak</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Mengadakan persidangan sebanyak 118 kali (Jun-Oktober 1956)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Jun 1957: Parlimen British menerima cadangan Suruhanjaya Reid<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dibentangkan di dalam Majlis Perundangan Persekutuan dan diluluskan pada 15 Ogos 1957<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Berkuatkuasa pada 27 Ogos 1957<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>4 Ciri-ciri Perlembagaan 1957:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB">Struktur Kerajaan<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></li> </ol> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black">› <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Yang DiPertuan Agong sebagai ketua negara</span><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black">› <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Perdana Menteri sebagai ketua kerajaan</span><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black">› <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Parlimen dibentuk</span><u2:p></u2:p><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <ol start="2" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB">Bahasa<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></li> </ol> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">› <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kebangsaan</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">› <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Penggunaan bahasa Inggeris dalam Majlis Undangan/mahkamah hanya dibenarkan untuk tempoh 10 tahun selepas kemerdekaan</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <ol start="3" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB">Kewarganegaraan<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></li> </ol> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">› <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Syarat kewarganegaraan diketatkan</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <ol start="4" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB">Peruntukan-peruntukan lain<o:p></o:p></span><u2:p></u2:p></li> </ol> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">› <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Islam sebagai agama rasmi Persekutuan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Perlembagaan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia<span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:country-region> </span>sekali lagi dipinda dan diperbaharui apabila Singapura, Sabah dan Sarawak bergabung dengan Tanah Melayu lalu membentuk<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia<span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:country-region></st1:place> pada 16 September 1963.<o:p></o:p><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Antara kesepakatan dalam Jawatankuasa Perundingan Perpaduan Kaum (JPPK) dengan tertubuhnya negara<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia<span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:country-region></st1:place> </span>adalah seperti berikut :-<o:p></o:p><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Perlembagaan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia<span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:place></st1:country-region> </span>yang hendak digubal mestilah berdasarkan kepada Perlembagaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu 1957<o:p></o:p><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:SV">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Satu suruhanjaya akan dibentuk bagi mendapatkan pandangan Sabah dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:place st="on">Sarawak<span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:place> </span>(Suruhanjaya Cobbold)<o:p></o:p><u2:p></u2:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:FI">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Persetujuan hendaklah dicapai di antara Kerajaan Pusat dan Kerajaan Negeri<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:FI">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Agama Islam hendaklah dijadikan agama rasmi bagi Persekutuan Malaysia<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:FI">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Bahasa Melayu hendaklah dijadikan bahasa rasmi Persekutuan Malaysia<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:FI">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Bumiputera Sabah dan Sarawak hendaklah dikekalkan kedudukan istimewanya<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black">ž <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dengan yang demikian, pada tanggal 16 September 1963, maka terbentuklah rakyat atau masyarakat Malaysia yang terdiri daripada Melayu, Cina dan India Semenanjung Tanah Melayu, Sabah dan Sarawak serta penduduk peribumi / bumiputera Sabah dan Sarawak .<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u2:p></u2:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"></span><o:p> </o:p></p>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-42535753121625445982010-08-20T09:13:00.000-07:002010-08-23T19:16:37.599-07:00Masyarakat Zaman Penjajahan<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj24WvjbWG2Rl-6eFfC8UnTE9BKCZI8JsGhF015d6NSt-RxdcbIV_3m5N3hyM7n1v7a5Sn-u7dVvbr1XuFwFvppx4hWP9NEbxLTNv3ea_zIdT0SqeJ6-8ZLKNStbuWf3ba8FIphqY95tTUI/s1600/download+(1).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 270px; height: 187px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj24WvjbWG2Rl-6eFfC8UnTE9BKCZI8JsGhF015d6NSt-RxdcbIV_3m5N3hyM7n1v7a5Sn-u7dVvbr1XuFwFvppx4hWP9NEbxLTNv3ea_zIdT0SqeJ6-8ZLKNStbuWf3ba8FIphqY95tTUI/s400/download+(1).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507921892879111778" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style=" mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:black;">HURAIAN MENGENAI MASYARAKAT ZAMAN PENJAJAHAN</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style=" mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;">Penjajahan<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <ul type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Menakluk sesuatu kawasan dan meletakkannya di bawah pengaruh mereka</span></li></ul><ul type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Untuk memenuhi kehendak penjajah dari segi keuntungan ekonomi</span></li></ul><ul type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">penjajahan = penaklukan kuasa besar ke atas negara lemah</span></li></ul><ul type="square"> <u1:p></u1:p> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Penjajahan di Tanah Melayu = penaklukan kuasa Barat <a name='more'></a></span></li></ul> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">3 Peringkat Zaman Penjajahan Eropah<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Zaman Penjelajahan – untuk meluaskan pengaruh<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Zaman Perdagangan – untuk merebut kekayaan negara yang dijajah<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Zaman Imperialisme – menggunakan kekerasan untuk mendapatkan faedah yang dimahukan<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></li> </ol> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">Masyarakat zaman penjajahan – Imigran Cina<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <ul type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Melalui sistem kangchu</span></li></ul><ul type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Bermula penghijrahan orang Cina secara besar-besaran dari Tanah Besar<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">China<span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:country-region></st1:place> </span>dan Singapura ke Johor apabila perjanjian ditandatangani antara Temenggung Ibrahim dengan Kangchu<o:p></o:p><u1:p></u1:p></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">Masyarakat zaman penjajahan – Imigran<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">India<o:p></o:p></st1:place></st1:country-region></span><u1:p></u1:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <ul type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Kemasukan sebagai buruh tawanan perang dan buruh ladang<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"> - Tawanan perang : membina jambatan, bangunan dan jalan raya<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"> - Buruh-buruh ladang : bekerja di ladang teh, kopi dan getah<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <ul type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Cara kedatangan : Sistem Buruh Kontrak, Sistem Kangani (mandur) dan kemasukan buruh bebas<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">MASYARAKAT MAJMUK<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <ul type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">“satu kumpulan manusia yang terdiri daripada pelbagai rumpun bahasa telah membentuk satu kesatuan, khususnya dalam aspek politik, sosial dan ekonomi di sesuatu tempat bagi membentuk satu kumpulan yang bersatu padu”-Kamus Dewan</span></li></ul><ul type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Menurut Furnival, masyarakat majmuk muncul akibat dari dasar-dasar penjajah yang menggalakkan penghijrahan penduduk mengikut keperluan ekonomi mereka</span></li> </ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;">PENCEROBOHAN KOMUNIS KE TANAH MELAYU</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/-L5_RGQTI0g?fs=1&hl=en_US"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/-L5_RGQTI0g?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span lang="EN-GB"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Penjajahan Jepun di Tanah Melayu</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">merupakan satu turutan pertempuran yang singkat tetapi sengit dan merupakan satu detik perubahan antara pemerintahan daripada orang putih (British) kepada pemerintah</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Jepun</span></span></b></span></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">. </span></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"></p><ul><li><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Ini merupakan konsep baru yang tidak pernah terlintas dalam pemikiran orang-orang</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melayu" title="Melayu" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Melayu</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">umum — pemerintahan oleh bangsa lain selain daripada mereka yang berkulit putih — sebelum ini.</span></span></b></span></span></li></ul><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b></div><ul><li><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Pertempuran ini membabitkan tentera</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara-negara_Komanwel_British" title="Negara-negara Komanwel British" style="background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color:initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">negara-negara Komanwel</span></span></b></span></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">, terdiri daripada</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">British</span></span></b></span></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">,</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">India</span></span></b></span></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">,</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Australia</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">dan penduduk</span></span></b><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melayu" title="Melayu" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Melayu</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">dari pasukan</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri-negeri_Melayu_Bersekutu" title="Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu" style="background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color:initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu</span></span></b></span></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">, dengan</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Empayar_Jepun&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tentera Empayar Jepun (tidak wujud)" style="background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color:initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tentera Empayar Jepun</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">bermula dari</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_Disember" title="8 Disember" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">8 Disember</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941" title="1941" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">1941</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">sehingga</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/31_Januari" title="31 Januari" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">31 Januari</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">1942</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">semasa</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:windowtext;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Perang Dunia II</span></span></b></span></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></b></span></span></li></ul><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b></div><ul><li><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Penjajahan Jepun di Tanah Melayu bermula apabila</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Jepun_ke_Dua_Puluh_Lima&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tentera Jepun ke Dua Puluh Lima (tidak wujud)" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tentera ke-25</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">menyerang Tanah Melayu pada</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_Disember" title="8 Disember" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration: none;text-underline:nonecolor:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">8 Disember</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941" title="1941" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">1941</span></span></b></span></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">. Tentera Jepun melancarkan serangan</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serangan_amfibi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Serangan amfibi (tidak wujud)" style="background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color:initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">serangan amfibi</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(amfibious assault) di pantai utara Tanah Melayu di</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bharu" title="Kota Bharu" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Kota Bharu</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">dan mula maju kebawah ke pantai timur Tanah Melayu. Ini dilakukan bersama dengan pendaratan di</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattani" title="Pattani" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Pattani</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">dan</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singgora" title="Singgora" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Singgora</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">di</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand" style="background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Thailand</span></span></b></span></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">, di mana mereka bergerak keselatan melalui jalan darat menyeberangi</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sempadan_Malaysia-Thailand" title="Sempadan Malaysia-Thailand" style="background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-color:initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">sempadan Malaysia-Thailand</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">untuk menyerang sebelah barat</span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Melayu" title="Tanah Melayu" style="background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-color:initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tanah Melayu</span></span></b></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b></p><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></li></ul><p></p></span></div> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">MENUNTUT KEMERDEKAAN</span></span></b></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></o:p></span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Setelah lama Tanah Melayu dijajah oleh kuasa-kuasa asing, wujud penentangan dari</span></span></b></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> masyarakat Tanah Melayu untuk menuntut kemerdekaan selepas perang dunia kedua.</span></span></b></li> </ul> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Penaklukan Jepun ke atas Tanah Melayu telah membuka mata masyarakat bahawa kuasa penjajah tidak akan memberi sebarang manfaat dan tidak memikirkan kebajikan penduduk asal tanah tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></li> </ul> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Pelbagai liku-liku harus ditempuhi dan akhirnya Tanah Melayu dapat dibebaskan daripada tangan penjajah dan mengecap kemerdekaan pada 31 OGOS 1957.</span></span></b></span></li> </ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;">Maklumat lebih lanjut : </span><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjajahan_Jepun_di_Tanah_Melayu">http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjajahan_Jepun_di_Tanah_Melayu</a></div> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"></span><o:p> </o:p></p></div>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-17212122575158377832010-08-20T08:38:00.001-07:002010-08-21T10:58:13.748-07:00<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgky5XCk4L_t7orsIcS1s1QFN6WNjNSTFV2Dfb7_m7BhAnjOXuacfDKuEaRMYGJonwJnvURyTDXPicLQn2DbijX_GZvZ4aR5Y5E3WcCY5oWE-s9D8-JZw8N2TOqUcr31EtYcTFjL3hwDWRR/s1600/download+(3).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 258px; height: 196px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgky5XCk4L_t7orsIcS1s1QFN6WNjNSTFV2Dfb7_m7BhAnjOXuacfDKuEaRMYGJonwJnvURyTDXPicLQn2DbijX_GZvZ4aR5Y5E3WcCY5oWE-s9D8-JZw8N2TOqUcr31EtYcTFjL3hwDWRR/s400/download+(3).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507923657574589634" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><u><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">MASYARAKAT MALAYSIA SEBELUM MENCAPAI KEMERDEKAAN</span></u></b><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><u><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></u></b></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">LATAR BELAKANG MASYARAKAT MALAYSIA<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">Ciri-ciri masyarakat Melayu tradisional ialah:-<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB">Wujudnya golongan memerintah dan diperintah</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5incolor:black;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span>Hidup berkelompok</li><li class="MsoNormal" color="black" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in">Komuniti kecil</li><li class="MsoNormal" color="black" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in">Berasaskan wilayah yang sama</li><li class="MsoNormal" color="black" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in">Wujud di kawasan pesisiran</li><li class="MsoNormal" color="black" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in">Wujud perbezaan sosial disebabkan oleh faktor – pembahagian kerja, status dan kuat <a name='more'></a></li></ol><ol start="1" type="1"> </ol> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Perkataan tradisional –menggambarkan entiti atau sifat sesuatu masyarakat sebelum kuatnya pengaruh modenisasi<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dihubungkan dengan masa lampau<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dikatakan istilah yang subjektif dan juga sesuatu yang relatif<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">\</span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Corak masyarakat Melayu tradisional-masyarakat feudal<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">•</span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">Wujud zaman kerajaan Melayu Melaka</span><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="FI" style=" mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dikatakan masyarakat yg wujud sebelum campur tangan British<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Melaka –cth masyarakat Melayu feudal kerajaan pesisir<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Didirikan di tepi laut berasaskan ekonomi perdagangan(spt jg masy di Makasar dan Jawa)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Bergantung pada perdagangan secara besar-besaran yg kemudiannya menjadikan Melaka kerajaan bersifat kosmopolitan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Perdagangan menimbulkan golongan sosial tertentu yang berpengaruh<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Tumpuan taat setia hanya kepada seorang raja(feudalistik)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Sebelum abad ke 19, struktur masyarakat tradisional belum dipengaruhi oleh kuasa British walaupun kuasa luar yang terawal telah ada<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Struktur masyarakat Melayu traisional merupakan lanjutan cara pemerintahan Hindu-mengakibatkan perpecahan masyarakat berasaskan golongan bangsawan dan golongan </span> rakyat</p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt">Pembahagian kerja – membezakan aktiviti antara unit sosial</p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><br /></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Status – memperlihatkan nilai prestij sosial yang berbeza dlm struktur keseluruhan.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Dlm hierarki, golongan bangsawan mempunyai prestij yang tinggi daripada orang lain</span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kuasa golongan bangsawan – cerminan peranan mereka dalam membuat keputusan terhadap org lain dan melahirkan perbezaan<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <div style="text-align: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></div> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;">Struktur msyarakat Melayu tradisional digambarkan sebagai satu piramid yang besar menunjukkan perbezaan, kedudukan, peranan dan kuasa lapisan masyarakat.<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;color:black;">• <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Merupakan ciri sistem monarki dan feudal yang kuat<o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p> <p class="separator" align="center" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"><br /></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="color:black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"></span><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-7282569757693842702010-08-16T23:49:00.003-07:002010-08-23T18:49:28.719-07:00Asal Usul Adat Masyarakat Melayu<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9AhPENzTezFi0IZA0AnbrxkbbEw3ZYLQFUxrne4CPiAy3iauBPZzXQQM_mFzEeUv3IXdtsw_kNsY2GMiTDx5SYh29y2EhCMEGjPR0jg1vUo0OhdylULF8aHav1IP855tVVv4E-g-H8-tj/s1600/images.66jpg.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 259px; height: 194px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9AhPENzTezFi0IZA0AnbrxkbbEw3ZYLQFUxrne4CPiAy3iauBPZzXQQM_mFzEeUv3IXdtsw_kNsY2GMiTDx5SYh29y2EhCMEGjPR0jg1vUo0OhdylULF8aHav1IP855tVVv4E-g-H8-tj/s400/images.66jpg.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507926063058548434" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br />ADAT MASYARAKAT MELAYU<div><br /></div><div>• Dalam masyarakat Malaysia banyak adat yang digunapakai sehingga hari ini yang akhirnya<div>lebih dikenali sebagai adat resam.</div><div><br />• Walau bagaimanapun, dalam masyarakat Melayu konsep adat berteraskan kepada 4 jenis adat</div><div>yang mesti dipatuhi oleh setiap individu dalam masyarakat tersebut.</div><div><br />• Dalam masyarakat Melayu terdapat empat jenis adat :-<br /><br />1) Adat yang sebenarnya adat<br />2) Adat yang diadatkan<br />3) Adat yang teradat<br />4) Adat istiadat <a name='more'></a><br /><br />1. Adat yang sebenarnya adat<br /><br />• sebelum masuk agama Islam, adat yang sebenarnya adat adalah aturan dalam masyarakat</div><div>yang dicontoh dan dipelajari</div><div><br />• adat ini diterapkan dari hukum alam (undang-undang) atau hukum tabii atau natural law</div><div>seperti adat api panas, adat air adalah basah, terkena hujan lapuk, terkena panas lekang</div><div><br />• Adat yang sebenarnya adat ini tidak boleh berubah lantaran peraturannya diambil daripada</div><div> tabii alam</div><div><br />• Terungkap dalam peraturan-peraturan pepatah-petitih seperti :<br /><br />Nan setitik jadikan laut<br />Nan sekepal jadikan gunung<br />Alam terkembang jadikan guru<br /><br />2. Adat yang diadatkan<br /><br />• Pada mulanya adat yang diadatkan ini adalah adat yang sebenarnya adat<br /><br />• diadatkan oleh kata sepakat anggota masyarakat sehingga ia menjadi sebagai undang-undang masyarakat<br /><br />• Adat yang diadatkan ini tetap berkuasa dalam masyarakat selama ia ditaati oleh orang ramai tetapi ia dapat berubah menurut keadaan<br /><br />• Adat yang diadatkan terungkap dalam kata pepatah seperti contoh berikut :-<br /><br />Bulat air ke pembuluh<br />Bulat kata ke mufakat<br />Berat sama dipikul<br />Ringan sama dijinjing<br />Penghulu beraja ke mufakat<br />Mufakat beraja ke benar<br />Benar berdiri sendirinya<br />Berjenjang naik bertangga turun<br /><br />3. Adat yang teradat<br /><br />• Adat yang teradat ialah adat yang telah diterima oleh masyarakat sebagai kebiasaan hidup sehari-hari tanpa ditetapkan lebih dahulu. Seperti kata pepatah :<br /><br />Adat sepanjang jalan<br />Lain padang lain belalang<br />Lain lubuk lain ikan<br />Lain negeri lain adat<br />Patah tumbuh hilang berganti<br /><br />4. Adat istiadat<br /><br />• Adat istiadat : ialah adat yang bersifat upacara-upacara seperti pertabalan, nikah kahwin, berkhatan dan lain-lain<br /><br />• Adat istiadat akan dan sentiasa diamalkan oleh sesuatu masyarakat atau sesuatu institusi.<br /><br />Misalnya :-<br /><br />a) Adat istiadat Hari Keputeraan Rasmi DYMM Seri Paduka Yang Dipertuan Agong<br /><br />b) Hari Kebangsaan Malaysia 31 Ogos<br /><br />c) Sambutan Maulud Nabi SAW<br /><br />d) Adat istiadat Pertabalan Raja dan Sultan<br /><br />Lain-lain Adat Yang Diterima Sebagai Peraturan Masyarakat<br /><br />5. ADAT RESAM<br /><br />• Terhasil daripada adat yang diadatkan<br /><br />• Terdapat dalam setiap lapisan masyarakat berdasarkan ajaran agama dan juga kepercayaan bangsa yang akhirnya diterima sebagai satu kebiasaan yang dipanggil resam.<br /><br />• Hingga hari ini ia dipanggil Adat Resam<br /><br />• Dalam masyarakat Melayu terdapat banyak adat resam yang mesti dipatuhi sebagai satu kebiasaan / kelaziman<br /><br />Sumber : (Tamadun Rumpun Budaya Melayu; Abdul Rahman Al-Ahmadi; KEKkWA, hal.173)</div></div></div>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-25249709696307162072010-08-16T21:21:00.000-07:002010-08-21T11:10:49.081-07:00Kabinet Malaysia<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgflF_cd5WY6EX9Or4KPT_JXYmegSwbdPC8J462nuI-eL8uSZ6LFqtLfmX_eHja45CsQpmySeWwnX52ss8oN8eTsgDSOVXbLK0PfctkEf7KsAtEyFdsAIk4T1wCHF1qdzDzc8UlYCjCnlmg/s1600/download+(6).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 275px; height: 183px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgflF_cd5WY6EX9Or4KPT_JXYmegSwbdPC8J462nuI-eL8uSZ6LFqtLfmX_eHja45CsQpmySeWwnX52ss8oN8eTsgDSOVXbLK0PfctkEf7KsAtEyFdsAIk4T1wCHF1qdzDzc8UlYCjCnlmg/s400/download+(6).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507926961121931346" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">Kabinet <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:placest="on"></st1:placest="on"></st1:country-region></span></p> <ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">Kabinet Malaysia atau Jemaah Menteri ialah sebuah badan eksekutif kerajaan Malaysia.</span></li></ul><ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">Diketuai oleh Perdana Menteri dan merupakan sebuah majlis menteri-menteri yang bertanggungjawab kepada Parlimen. <a name='more'></a></span></li></ul><ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI">Seperti yang diperuntukkan dalam Perkara 43 Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia, anggota Kabinet hanya boleh dipilih daripada mana-mana Majlis Parlimen iaitu Dewan Rakyat ataupun Dewan Negara.</span></li></ul><ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">Kebiasaanya, Yang di-Pertuan Agong melantik semua menteri atas nasihat Perdana Menteri. Namun begitu, seorang Perdana Menteri hendaklah dilantik terlebih dahulu dari Dewan Rakyat.<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV">Sumber : Klik sini </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="SV"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_Malaysia">http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_Malaysia</a></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI">Mahu lihat senarai penuh Menteri Kabinet Malaysia 2010?<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV">Klik sini : </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://kulanzsalleh.com/terbaharu-senarai-kabinet-malaysia-2010/"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV">http://kulanzsalleh.com/terbaharu-senarai-kabinet-malaysia-2010/</span></a></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p></p></div>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-32929983887471607052010-08-13T10:27:00.000-07:002010-08-21T11:15:07.635-07:00Wawasan 2020<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP7Ok6vzbNCo4pXQ9BPanLzTnpkFLHyH8RNchckJaSC30YWIAAgxWlqSH_MUlmjcD4WnX9rtnlyeQemXh1DnVzyAKqz2At1yh3eEHZNej9IOo0G00OK-HdHxccyb7M5n_tRaDYTs3RvJA5/s1600/images+(36).jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 250px; height: 191px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP7Ok6vzbNCo4pXQ9BPanLzTnpkFLHyH8RNchckJaSC30YWIAAgxWlqSH_MUlmjcD4WnX9rtnlyeQemXh1DnVzyAKqz2At1yh3eEHZNej9IOo0G00OK-HdHxccyb7M5n_tRaDYTs3RvJA5/s320/images+(36).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5505060251090504562" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">WAWASAN 2020</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Semasa pelancaran Majlis Perdagangan<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia</st1:country-region> pada 28 Februari 1991, YAB PM ke-4 Tun Mahathir Mohamad telah memperkenalkan satu pemikiran baru untuk membawa <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia</st1:country-region></st1:place> maju dikenali sebagai Wawasan 2020.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Ia diperkenalkan dalam kertas kerjanya iaitu “Malaysia- Melangkah Ke Hadapan” <a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Bukan satu dasar tetapi tindakbalas kepada kemajuan dlm bdg ekonomi, sosial, kerohanian, kebudayaan dan politik yang berlaku di peringkat nasional dan antarabangsa <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Diperkenalkan sebagai satu garis panduan dan rangka kerja mengenai pendekatan yg harus diambil dalam memulakan langkah jauh yg ditempuh oleh negara <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Matlamat terakhir yang dicita-citakan ialah pembentukan sebuah negara <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region> sebagai sebuah negara perindustrian dan benar-benar maju menjelang tahun 2020 menurut acuan kita sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Kemajuan yang dimaksudkan bukan semata-mata kemajuan lahiriah yang sempurna tetapi hendaklah meliputi pengwujudan satu masyarakat yang sempurna dengan nilai moral dan etika yang boleh dicontohi oleh negara-negara lain.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Wawasan 2020 merupakan satu wawasan jangka panjang sebagai panduan arah dasar yang luas meliputi pelbagai aspek berkaitan dengan pembangunan negara dlm hubungan dengan perkembangan ekonomi dunia keseluruhan<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Ia memberi panduan arah tujuan, sasaran negera dan mengambil jangka masa agak panjang iaitu 30 tahun.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">PERLUNYA SATU WAWASAN..KERANA? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><b><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">1.MEMBERI ‘NATIONAL FOCUS’</span></b><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Wawasan yang jelas dan diterima umum berupaya memastikanbergerak kehadapan dengan tumpuan yang lebih jelas, yakin dan serentak<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Contoh: PresidenKennedy menyatakan dalam masa 10 tahunAmerikaSyarikat akan berjaya sampai ke bulan. Setiap anggota NASA dengan sokongan kerajaan dan rakyat bersungguh sungguh mencapai wawasan yang ditetapkan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV">2.</span></b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">MENDAPATKAN KONSENSUS NASIONAL</span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV">•<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Penduduk<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>berbilang kaum dan geografinya berasingan antara wilayah.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">•<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Pandangan yang berbeza dan perselisihan mengenai masa depan negara<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">3. SATU PERJANJIAN SOSIO-POLITIK</span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">•<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Menjadi satu<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>panduan utama setiap rakyat membawa negara kepada satu tahap lebih maju di masa hadapan.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI">•<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Setiap rakyat ‘setuju-terima’ yakni mempersetujui arah dan matlamat yang sama.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">4.<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>MENYEDIAKAN GARIS PANDUAN BAGI AGENDA PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">•<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Satu pandangan jauh ke hadapan. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">•<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Wawasan merupakan<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>garis panduan utama bagi:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">i)<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Menetapkan arah tujuan;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>ii)<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Menetapkan matlamat.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">iii)<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Menetapkan strategi;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>iv)<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Menetapkan jangka masa;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>v)<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Menetapkan pencapaian<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><b><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">1. Pembentukan Satu Negara Bangsa <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Mempunyai makna yang dalam kerana sebuah negara berdaulat rakyatnya tidak dapat diidentifikasikan melalui kaum keturunan atau warna kulit<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Merupakan pra syarat kepada kemajuan kerana kemajuan dibentuk melalui kerjasama yang terjalin<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Bg memahami konsep ini istilah perpaduan negara, kesetiaan kpd negara, keharmonian dan toleransi perlu difahami dan diamalkan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><b><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">2. Negara Perindustrian<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Negara yang berjaya mengubah corak ekonomi daripada pertanian kepada perindustrian<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Rakyat harus meneruskan transformasi ini yang telah mula sejak merdeka<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Rakyat negara maju didokong oleh kemahiran dan kepakaran sains & teknologi yang tinggi <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Di peringkat ini sektor swasta amatlah besar kerana ia akan menjadi jentera pertumbuhan ekonomi.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><b><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">3. Keadilan Ekonomi dan Sosial<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Satu cabaran besar yang perlu dihadapi bagi mewujudkan negara maju dan bersatu<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Mengelakkan keciciran kemajuan bagi golongan tertentu dalam satu negara<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Penegasan semula ke atas isu penting iaitu pembasmian kemiskina, keseimbangan sosioekonomi antara kaum, wilayah dan luar bdr dan bandar<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Diterjemahkan dalam objektif Dasar Pembangunan Nasional dan projek Rancangan Malaysia ke6<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><b><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">4. Moral dan Etika<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Negara maju ala Malaysia lain drp yg lain <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Kemajuan harus berpegang kepada falsafah moral dan etika yang tinggi berasaskan kepercayaan agama.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language:FI; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Falsafah ini penting kerana kemajuan kebendaan tanpa nilai moral dan etika tidak akan wujud kesejahteraan dan keharmonian yang berkekalan<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Disokong oleh Dasar Penerapan Nilai-nilai Islam<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><b><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">5. Pembangunan Masyarakat Berdasarkan Sistem Kekeluargaan<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Mengetengahkan perkara pokok sistem sosial iaitu berdasarkan keluarga yang menjadi asas pembentukan masyarakat an masyarakat pula asa pembinaan negara<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Kekuatan dan kemajuan sesebuah negara bermula dan terletak pada keluarga dan masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Keluarga mencorakkan kualiti masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">•<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Memerlukan rakyat menyedari kepentingan isntitusi keluarga bagi mewujudkan keluarga dan masyarakat yang sempurna<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">---> Wawasan 2020, menjadikan <st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia</st1:country-region> sebagai sebuah negara maju yang mempunyai kualiti hidup yang tinggi dan <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region> harus mempelajari kelemahan dan kekuatan yang berlaku di negara maju.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">--->Wawasan 2020 tidak meminta Malaysia menjadi negara barat atau Jepun tetapi menjadi sebuah negara baru dan lebih mantap dalam semua aspek kehidupan berlandaskan kekuatan moral dan etika serta pegangan agama yang asal oleh penduduknya.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">--->Wawasan 2020 bukan slogan hanya untuk dilaungkan tetapi satu tindakan kerja <i>(frame work of action) </i>bagi setiap rakyat.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">---> Wawasan 2020 memerlukan beberapa perisian penting, diantaranya ialah kualiti tenaga kerja yang dihasilkan oleh sistem pendidikan, perubahan sikap dan nilai, penekanan kaedah sains dan teknologi, perancangan dan peranan sektor swasta yang lebih dinamik.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">---> Dengan itu barulah kita akan dapat maju selaras dengan acuan kita sendiri tanpa menjadi negara-negara barat atau negara maju yang lain yang mementingkan nilai material semata-mata.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><b><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ABuJYCRTV2g?fs=1&hl=en_US"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ABuJYCRTV2g?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></div>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-6157708190509518062010-08-13T10:26:00.000-07:002010-08-21T11:18:00.344-07:00Masyarakat Peribumi Negeri Sarawak<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4lbMZm16EuhMdL0MlZ_2JeqKPF7WYZvBwlwVGfTEfX2TeFws103EV9JDxUlPQawqdPrnVMkIsjQns4kPRF5UN2ClcERUlRSFsxxXUPYawBzgImHJZ_R-HwrE2ACldP5PuaSHASfTd8lVi/s1600/download+%287%29.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 160px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4lbMZm16EuhMdL0MlZ_2JeqKPF7WYZvBwlwVGfTEfX2TeFws103EV9JDxUlPQawqdPrnVMkIsjQns4kPRF5UN2ClcERUlRSFsxxXUPYawBzgImHJZ_R-HwrE2ACldP5PuaSHASfTd8lVi/s400/download+%287%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5505061460495402242" border="0" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">MASYARAKAT PERIBUMI NEGERI <st1:place st="on">SARAWAK</st1:place></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:place st="on"><span lang="EN-GB">SARAWAK</span></st1:place></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Sarawak = negeri terbesar di <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";" lang="SV"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="SV">negeri yang paling ramai etnik dan suku-suku kaum dalam etnik besar tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">mempunyai 28 etnik yang pelbagai<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Iban (30.1%), Cina (26.7%), Bidayuh dan Melayu <a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><!-- more --><br />MELAYU<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Masyarakat Melayu di Sarawak = masyarakat keempat terbesar di negeri <st1:place st="on">Sarawak</st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Mewakili 25% daripada penduduk di negeri tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Bercakap dalam dialek Bahasa Melayu yang berbeza daripada Bahasa Melayu penduduk Melayu di Semenanjung <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Malaysia</st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Dikenali sebagai Bahasa Melayu Sarawak<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Sesetengah budaya dipengaruhi oleh kebudayaan Melayu <st1:country-region st="on">Brunei</st1:country-region> (sebelum British menjajah, Sarawak adalah sebahagian daripada wilayah <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Brunei</st1:country-region></st1:place>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Budaya yang dipengaruhi kebanyakannya budaya dan adat suku kaum Melanau (banyak mendiami kawasan pesisiran pantai di bahagian tengah negeri <st1:place st="on">Sarawak</st1:place>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";" lang="FI"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="FI">Penduduk di kawasan pesisiran pantai-nelayan<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">di bahagian tengah negeri <st1:place st="on">Sarawak</st1:place> dan duduk di pesisiran pantai -kegiatan ekonomi perikanan<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">di kawasan pedalaman - bekerja sebagai petani dan pengusaha kebun buah-buahan (kebiasaannya mengusahakan penanaman padi buk<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">kini ramai yangbekerja sebagai pegawai dan kakitangan kerajaan dan swasta di bandaraya Kuching <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";" lang="SV"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="SV">Majoriti masyarakat Melayu Sarawak beragama Islam <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="" lang="SV">IBAN<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Etnik terbesar di <st1:place st="on">Sarawak</st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Populasi 30% daripada keseluruhan penduduk <st1:place st="on">Sarawak</st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">dahulu dikenali sebagai pahlawan yang gagah dan garang <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">dikatakan suku kaum yang mengumpul kepala musuh dan dijadikan piala kemenangan <i>(ngayau)</i><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Penduduk Iban tradisi duduk di kawasan sepanjang lembah sungai<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Seni bina yang terkenal dalam kalangan orang Iban adalah rumah panjang-terletak di sepanjang sungai dan dibahagikan kepada beberapa unit rumah individu antara 6 – 100 unit<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">di rumah panjang, wujud sistem demokrasi tersendiri dengan melantik seorang ketua rumah panjang (Tuai Rumah)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";" lang="FI"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="FI">Fungsi Tuai Rumah =seperti Ketua Kampung/Penghulu <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";" lang="NL"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="NL">bertutur dengan bahasa dan dialek yang tersendiri<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";" lang="SV"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="SV">Bahasa Iban banyak persamaan dengan bahasa Melayu<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Perbezaan -intonasi, sebutan<span style=""> </span>dan istilah mengikut daerah masing-masing<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Perayaan terbesar =Gawai Dayak yang disambut pada 1 & 2 Jun setiap tahun<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="">BIDAYUH<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Dikenali sebagai Dayak Darat<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Dipercayai penduduk awal menduduki <st1:place st="on">Sarawak</st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Bidayuh terdiri daripada banyak kumpulan dan sub kumpulan:-<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="">i)<span style=""> </span>Bukar – Sadung : Daerah Serian<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="">ii)<span style=""> </span>Bau – Jagoi<span style=""> </span>: Daerah Bau<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="">iii) Salako – Lara : Daerah Lundu<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";" lang="SV"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="SV">Kumpulan – kumpulan ini bertutur dalam bahasa yang berbeza<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Ekonomi masa dahulu =bertani, melakukan sistem pertanian pindah (padi bukit) dan berburu<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Masyarakat Bidayuh dikatakan suku kaum yang penuh kemanisan, lemah lembut, sederhana, peramah dan mempunyai senyuman yang mesra<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="">MELANAU<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Orang Melanau dipercayai sebagai suku kaum terawal yang menduduki <st1:place st="on">Sarawak</st1:place> sebelum orang-orang Bidayuh<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Mewakili 6% populasi penduduk<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="SV">Mendiami kawasan pesisiran tengah negeri Sarawak di antara Sg. </span><span style="">Rajang dan Baram<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Majoriti beragama Islam dan Kristian<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Sumber ekonomi = nelayan <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:";" lang="NL"><span style="">—<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="NL">bertutur dalam dialek Melayu tersendiri dan agak berbeza dengan dialek Melayu Sarawak<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="" lang="NL"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1855422885287175940.post-65882408078949339982010-08-13T10:12:00.000-07:002010-08-21T11:20:52.242-07:00Masyarakat Peribumi Negeri Sabah<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiGzZyjkV5LVP_vsjtBoNv2Uqr1b5iDhqm3YAU9lwHMQv96DNBRBg2_eIZ6gepNYTT_WYDnIr7fuX0KrxzJKs7nKhwomQuqWSyeW4nEFNirLe-Tjc75q68z3pTEFM2joGIjS0lEatMZEsw/s1600/images+%2837%29.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 259px; height: 194px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiGzZyjkV5LVP_vsjtBoNv2Uqr1b5iDhqm3YAU9lwHMQv96DNBRBg2_eIZ6gepNYTT_WYDnIr7fuX0KrxzJKs7nKhwomQuqWSyeW4nEFNirLe-Tjc75q68z3pTEFM2joGIjS0lEatMZEsw/s400/images+%2837%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5505061999595101874" border="0" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="">MASYARAKAT PERIBUMI NEGERI <st1:place st="on">SABAH</st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><span style="">•<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Negeri Sabah merupakan negeri kedua terbesar di <st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia</st1:country-region> selepas negeri <st1:place st="on">Sarawak</st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><span style="">•<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Dikenali dengan nama <i>Negeri Di Bawah Bayu</i> dan merupakan sebuah negeri yang unik dan terkenal dengan kepelbagaian kebudayaan suku kaumnya. <a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><span style="">•<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Terletak di utara pulau <st1:place st="on">Borneo</st1:place>, pulau ketiga terbesar di dunia. Sabah meliputi kawasan seluas 72,500 kilometer persegi dengan pantai sepanjang 1,440 kilometer dengan Laut Cina Selatan terletak di pantai barat, Laut Sulu di sebelah timur laut dan Laut Celebes di sebelah selatan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><span style="">•<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><st1:place st="on"><span style="">Sabah</span></st1:place><span style=""> adalah kaya dengan berbagai-bagai jenis tumbuhan. Bunga terbesar di dunia <i>Rafflesia</i> dengan kuntumnya berukuran tiga meter garis pusat ditemui di Sabah.Banyak spesies anggerik/ orkid, periok kera yang didapati tumbuh di <st1:place st="on">Sabah</st1:place> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style="">DAERAH-DAERAH DI Sabah<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><span style="">•<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Daerah Kudat<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><span style="">•<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Daerah Bahagian Pantai Barat<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><span style="">•<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Daerah Pedalaman<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><span style="">•<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Daerah Sandakan<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><span style="">•<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Daerah Tawau<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family:Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Gunung Kinabalu yang tertinggi di Asia Tenggara tersergam indah dengan ketinggian 4,101 meter di Sabah<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family:Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Kumpulan bukan penduduk asli yang terbesar di <st1:place st="on">Sabah</st1:place> ialah masyarakat Cina. Mereka telah menetap di <st1:place st="on">Sabah</st1:place> sejak abad yang lalu dan mereka merupakan kumpulan etnik yang terbesar selepas kaum Dusun/Kadazan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family:Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Terdapat kira-kira 2.5 juta penduduk <st1:place st="on">Sabah</st1:place> merangkumi lebih daripada 30 suku kaum dan kira-kira 80 dialek bahasa. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family:Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Penduduknya terdiri daripada kaum Kadazan atau Dusun, Bajau, Murut, Kelabit, Rungus dan lain-lain <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family:Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Selain itu terdapat juga suku Kimarang, Kwijau, Lundayeh, Ubian, Binadan, Orang Sungai, Tatana, Tagaas, Brunei, Suluk dan lain-lain. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family:Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="">Perbezaan di antara berbagai-bagai suku kaum tersebut adalah ketara terutama sekali dari segi bahasa, ugama, adat istiadat, corak dan pegangan hidup termasuklah pakaian tradisi mereka. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div>NaDia~http://www.blogger.com/profile/03306695812472106778noreply@blogger.com0